ATELLA; GETHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 243 



15. (Teiius: Atella Dbl. 



In facies very similar to the preceding genus. The head likewise very large, broader than the hody, 

 which is slender. Antennae rather long, the club not flat and spatulate as in Argynnis, but long and gradually 

 incrassate. Palpi with long hairs. Eyes prominent, naked. The cell closed in both wings, which are rather 

 broad, the hindwing being rounded. Upperside leather-yellow to yellowish brown, marked with black; beneath 

 without silver. — The genus consists of but few species and is essentially Indian and African. On account 

 of the large numbers of specimens the butterflies belong to the Lepidoptera most characteristic for Southern 

 Asia and tropical Africa. 



A. phalanta Dm. (71d). The sexes similar, above pale ochreous, the costal area of the hindwing dull phaianta. 

 white, the whole surface of the wings marked with black arcs and dots, nearly as in Argynnis. The pattern 

 of the underside, too, recalls to a certain extent Arg. laodice, but the under surface is much more uniform in 

 colour, the disc of the forewing having the same colour as the apex of the forewing and the underside of the 

 hindwing, and is marked like the upperside, but the black markings are more obsolescent. In Kashmir, South 

 China and the most soutliern parts of Japan, apparently rare; in India very abundant, some closely allied 

 forms occurring in Africa. — Larva dark red-brown to yellowish green; all the spines of nearly the same length, 

 black with a pale dot at the base; on Flacourtia, probably also on Viola. Pupa very beautiful, pale olive- or 

 grass-green, on the back rows of paired points marked with carmine, the wing-cases likewise edged with red. 

 The butterflies occur at road-sides and on clearings in woods, and appear to have definite places where they 

 congregate, like the Cirrhochroa. I often saw them fluttering around certain bushes by the dozen, but could 

 not ascertain what attracted them. If chased away they assembled again in half an hour. The butterfly 

 is otherwise only met with singly, particularly on the flowers of Lantana during the autumn. 



Tribe Heliconidi. 



This group is doubtless nearly related to the Arr/i/iniid/ , the affinities being so close that a number of 

 American genera, such as Colaen/s, Dionc and Metamorpha , have as yet no definite place in the system and are 

 together with Cefhosia often considered to be transitional forms. Fritz Mullkr was the first who separated these 

 genera from the Nj'mphalids proper and united them with HcUconius and Eueides in one group, which he called 

 "Maracuja-butterfiies" from the food-plant (passion-flowers). We separate accordingly Cethosia from the fritillaries 

 and allies and place it as the Old World representative of the American H('/ironiH.-< in the present tribe, which 

 therefore comprises both genera. 



Head large; antennae quite different from those of the Ani^/iuiidi , very long and thin, quite gradually 

 widened to a hardly distinct club; paljii with long hairs, rather long, not inflated. Forewing rather long, the apex 

 somewhat produced but rounded off. Uody slender, sometimes very thin. The larvae variegated, with long spines, 

 the horns of the head usually particularly \o\\fx,\ on Passiflora. Pupa very })eculiar, usually with the black incurved, 

 the head with two long flattened appendages, which are more than half the length of the body in the American 

 genera (so-called hare-ears). The butterflies are very consjjicuously coloured and marked; they fly generally rather 

 slowly, visit flowers of all kinds and love to float slowly up and down clearings in the woods, always abruptly 

 turning back at the same place and following the same course ('-promenading"). They are evidently protected and 

 are usually plentiful where they occur. 



16. (.4emis; Cethonia F. 



Large butterflies, with the upperside usually bright reddish yellow, the underside bearing peculiar 

 strongly undulate and dentate lines. The larva with long spines bearing thin branches, the spines on the head 

 curved. The chrysalis tuberculate, with deep dorsal saddle, the processes of the head longer than the head, 

 flat on the sides. — The genus is especially Indian, the greater number of species being Malayan and only 

 one reaching the Palaearctic territory in the south-east. 



C.biblis Dm. (= biblinaGod^, penthesilea F. nee Cr.) (71d). Above brownish dark red, the apex and distal biblis. 

 margin black with thin white markings. The basal area beneath bears on both wings bands which cross the 

 cell and recall Catocala, there being whitish bands in the distal area with dark dots and arcs. — West and 

 Central China, locally very plentiful, especially on the Yang-tse-kiang. The early stages of this species are 

 not known. 



Tribe Acraeidi. 



This peculiar group is almost generally treated as a distinct family; but the larvae and pupae and to a 

 certain extent also the butterflies come so close to Mditam that I cannot but regard the Acraeids as a sharply 

 defined and very homogeneous division of the Nijmphalidac proper. 



Head and thorax short ; antennae not very long . strong , with distinct club ; second segment of the palpi 

 somewhat inflated. Wings elongate, of usual shape, entire, never angulate, dentate or lobate. Abdomen rather 

 long, somewhat curved downward, smooth, above often glossy. On the naked underside each segment of the antennae 

 with 2 deep impressions which become more shallow towards the middle line, which is carinate, the more deeply 



