2;V2 NK.MKORIUS; HVIM )h'l( )X. I!y Dr. A. Skitc. 



then ]iair. Tlie eggs are deposited in the leat'-lnids of the ( leltis-trees wlien they are just beginning to 

 open. Specimens from West China are somewliat Jjrighter in colour, the yellow spots moreover being 

 somewhat narrower than in Japanese specimens. The butterflies are very common and often congregate 

 in numbers about the food-plants or at puddles on the roads: on the wing they i-ecall the ?? of Zcphyrwi 

 hefulac. The long ]ialpi become easily broken in the net. 



myrrha. L. myrrha Godf. (71f). Similar to the preceding, but tjie yellowish brown discal patches, apart 



fi'Oin the apical spots of the forewing, united to a longitudinal streak, which on the forewing runs from the 

 base along the median vein below the cell to the apex, and on the hindwing from the middle of the hind- 

 margin to the apex, these two stripes being parallel in the mounted specimen. On Palaearctic territor\- 

 only in Kashmir, but widely distributed in India, occurring in a local form with broad yellow streaks in 

 Sikkim (sangiiinaUs) and in another with narrow whitish bands in Ceylon (rama). — Larva green, bearing 

 small tubercles on the segments; on Celtideae. Pupa green, obtuse, short. — The butterflies not rare, but 

 usually flying rather high about the food-trees: in the north in two broods, in the south all the year round. 

 In the Nilghiri-Hills I obtained specimens intermediate between the local races. 



B. Subfamily: Nemeobiinae. 



This group contains the remainder of the Old-World Ert/ciiiidar , about 80 forms, all the others being- ex- 

 clusively American. Head proportionally much smaller than in Libi/thfa, frons broad, eyes not large, antennae long, 

 thin . with distinctly marked , sometimes flattened club , palpi not specially prolonged, on the contrary often ex- 

 cessively small. Forewing entire ; hindwing sometimes tailed or angulate at the median vein , sometimes the anal 

 angle produced into a rounded lobe. — The larvae are known of hut very few species ; onisciform, with pale lateral 

 line and distinctly marked dorsal one. The pupae , which are often clothed with small hairs , are fastened by the 

 tail and a girdle. Whereas some species are on the wing throughout the year and are distinctly dimorphic according 

 to season, other have but one brood. The butterflies occur at the edges of roads, especially near woods, they visit 

 flowers and drink on damp places on the roads. The flight is very different in the various genera. 



2. Genus: IWeineobius ^fph. 



Small , normally built butterflies with small head and but moderately broad frons. Eyes propor- 

 tionately small, anteriorly edged Avith white. Antennae thin, ringed, with flat, distinctly defined club. Palpi 

 rather short, rough-hairy, porrect. Brush-feet of cT densely hairy. Wings entire, above similar to those of 

 Mc/ifaea, the brownish yellow marginal spots of both wings bearing dark dots. The underside also recalls 

 Mf'/itdi'ii by the hindwing being traversed by white macular bands. Only one species, which is confined 

 to Europe. 



/iicina. N. lucina L. ('89 a). The "Duke of Burgundy Fritillary" resembles above a small Mc/itin'ii dirti/iuiu 



ov mo-f'/ia, but is at once recognized by the diflerent flight, which is rather fast, somewhat hopping, almost 

 as in Hesperids. On closer inspection only the colouration not the markings resembles that of a Mditaea. 

 In the ? the pearly white spots of the underside are usually larger than in the cf, the upperside in often of a 

 lighter and more yellow tint and the hindwing is less black. Egggreenish yellow, one or two deposited at the 

 time on Primula and Rumex. Larva onisciform , yellowish brown . spotted with red at the sides , with a 

 yellow stripe over the spiracles; on the black, which is slightly clothed with short hairs, there is a blackish 

 macular line. From June until April , changing into an earth-brown pupa which bears sparse small hairs 

 and dark dots and shadows. The butterflies are on the wing from the end of April until the beginning of 

 June at the edges of woods and road-sides, and love to settle on stalks of grass and on low herbage. The 

 species occurs in a large part of Europe, extending from England and the Baltic provinces to the Medi- 

 terranean and from Spain to South Russia and Roumania. Frequent, but not in large numbers. — ab. 

 scfiwingen- schwingenschussi liib. has been described from a pair obtained at Prisang in Carniolia, which is not only 

 much darkened on the upperside, but beneath has the ground-colour of the hindwing and the basal and 

 apical areas of the forewing dee]) black-brown instead of light reddish yellow. 



schussi. 



3. Grenus: Hypovioii Rob. 



This genus has almost exactly the same neuration as NemeobiKs, which it connects with Poli/caena. 

 It diflers from the latter therefore in the 5-branched subcostal, two of whose branches originate before the 

 apex of the cell, as well as in the radial arising direct from the cell instead of being stalked with the sub- 

 costal as in the forewing of Fohfraena. Moreover, the antennae are somewhat shorter, and the palpi somewhat 

 less reduced than in Pulycaena. The centre of distribution of this genus, of which so far only a few- species 

 are known, is Eastern Tibet, where some more forms may be expected to turn up, considering the insufficient 

 exploration of the country. 



