THECLA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 265 



T. Spini Schiff. (72 g). Black-brown, unicolorous above, the o" with a scent-patch at the end of the spini. 

 cell on the forewing, the S with some yellowish red spots in the anal area of the hindwing, which are some- 

 times enlarged and united to form a halfmoon, and sometimes also with a reddish yellow discal spot on the 

 forewdng. Underside with an almost straight line composed of white bars across both wings, and reddish, 

 in the anal area blue, submarginal spots. In Central and South Europe, from France and Belgium to Greece 

 and Asia Minor, almost everj'where, but singly; not in Great Britain, ab. major Biilil are especially large major. 

 specimens which are more dark brown beneath than grey-brown, the scent-patch of the cf moreover being 

 enlarged, ab. modesta SckuU:^ are specimens which have no blue spots in the anal area on the hindwing modesta. 

 beneath. In ab. spinoides Schultz the white band beneath is separated into small spots on the forewing spinoides. 

 and widened into longitudinal spots on the hindwing. — lynceus Hbn. (= andalusica LpiI.) (72 g) is a form lynceus. 

 from South Europe in which both wings have yellow spots, more especially in the ?. — In the Caucasus, 

 Sj-ria and Persia there occurs a long-tailed race in which the underside is more grey: melantho King (72 h). — melantho. 

 latior Fixs. (72 h) is one-third larger, with the colour darker and more intense, the scaling being so dense latior. 

 that the scent-patch of the cf is hardly visible; from the Amur, Corea, and North China. — Egg depressed, 

 the slightly concave top with a minute rosette of dark cells, the egg otherwise armed with minute points, 

 grey-white, deposited singly or in batches on the food-plants, Rhamnus and Prunus. Caterpillar pale green, 

 paler on the back, with a thin dorsal double line and pale dorso-lateral oblique spots; lateral line whitish. 

 Until June, particularly on Rhamnus cathartica. Pupa resembling a small brown fruit minutely variegated 

 and dotted with blackish. The butterflies in June and July, at Konstanz also in August according to Reutxi, 

 singly and almost everywhere rather rare. They are partial to the tlowers of Senecio , Sambucus and 

 Seduiii album and telephicum. 



T. w-album Knock (72 h). Above similar to unicolorous specimens of spini; the white band of the w-atbum. 

 hindwing beneath commences more proximally. about the middle of the costal margin, and runs straight 

 to tlie base of the tail, forming here a W. Before the margin of the hindwing a bright red undulate 

 band. Central, Northern and Eastern Europe and Anterior Asia. In ab. butlerowi Krid. the white band butlerowi. 

 of the hindwing beneath is posteriorly obsolete, there being no white W. On the other hand, ab. albovirgata albovirgata. 

 Tuff has the white band much wider, reaching on the hindwing to the red submarginal band; there occur 

 also transitions towards this aberration (semia/boriri/ata), with the l^and widened in parts. — sutschani Tuff sutsdiani. 

 resembles the nymotypical form, but the underside is paler grey and is variegated with small white spots 

 at the red band ; from Sutchan. — fentoni Btlr. is coloured above like European specimens, but agrees with fentoni. 

 !<pini in size, and the submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath are orange instead of red; North Island 

 of Japan (Hokkaido). — Egg semiglobular, red-brown, with white reticulation; as a rule deposited in pau-s 

 on Elm. Larva until June, adult light green, with thin small oblique subdorsal stripes and brownish head: 

 it generally takes such a position on the underside of a leaf that it resembles a small fresh leaf or a fold 

 between the ribs. Pupating on the trunk or close to the ground; often the sexes meet already as larvae 

 and pupate near one another, the cf behind the ? (Voelschow). Pupa jellowish brown, with darker wing- 

 cases. The buttertlies occur in July and August and are rather local. On certain days I have seen towards 

 1 1 o'clock some numbers come down from the tree-tops to the road where they settled in the dust , not 

 on damp places. As they could not find a firm hold, they frequently tumbled over and remained lying 

 sideways in the sun. Otherwise singly near woods and in avenues of elm-trees. 



T. eximia Fixs. (= aflinis iifgr.) (72 h). Much larger; above with a large scent-patch in the d' and eximia. 

 a red spot on the anal lobe. The red anal band of the hindwing beneath is very distinct and its conti- 

 nuation forwards white, the tip of the tail also thinly white, ab. fixseni Leech (72 i) differs, besides i\iQ fixseni. 

 much more variegated underside, in the forewing above bearing the yellowish red discal spot alreadj' mentioned 

 in the other species, and in the anal markings of the liindwing above being larger. — Both forms, eximia 

 and fi.rseni, tly together in Amurland, Corea, Central and West China, Mongolia and Manchuria. They occur 

 in August and are apparently not rare. 



T. patrius Leech (72 h). Above very similar to ic-athum, but the tails longer, the scent-patch of i\i% patrius. 

 cf elongate-ovate. The main difference consists in the different position of the white band of the hindwing 

 l)eneath: the line commences much nearer the base, proximally to the middle of the costal margin, and 

 therefore runs \-ery obliquely towards the base of the tail. — In June and July, at Pu-tsu-fong in West 

 China, at an altitude of 10000 ft. 



T. lais Leech (72 ij. This species was originally described from the specimen here figured, a ?. lais. 

 Rather small, with the discal spot on the forewing and anal one of the hindwing dull red, the rather varie- 

 gated underside bearing characteristic white markings. — Wa-ssu-kow, West China, in July. 



T. inflammata Alph. Similar to eximia, which it connects with oniafa. The upperside bears a reddish inflammata. 

 yellow discal spot on the forewing, but no red anal spot on the hindwing. It is impossible to decide in 



