THEGLA. By \h: A. Seitz. 'HM 



of brambles and on oak-bushes. The ?? are somewhat less plentiful and occur more towards the end of 

 the season of the species, sometimes as late as August. Though Wheelek speaks of two broods, I have 

 found everywhere but one brood, even in Africa. 



T. acaciae F. (73b). Smaller than true ilicis, hardly so lai'ge as esculi. Above uniformly dark acaciae. 

 brown, the cf bearing 1 — 3, the ? 2 — 5 small red anal spots. The line of white bars on the underside is 

 straighter, being somewhat curved outward at the anal angle of the hindwing without forming a W. cf without 

 scent-spot. Particularly in Central Europe. From South France to Asia .Minor and Transcaucasia ; also in 

 Spain, if not confounded with esculi; very local and usually rare. — abdominalis Gerh., from the Black Sea abdominalis. 

 countries, is larger and has a grey instead of brown under surface with the white line broader and con- 

 tinuous, the forewing bearing 1 — 3 dark spots beneath before the hind angle. — gerhardi SUjr. (73 c) is still gcrhardi. 

 larger and the hindwing beneath bears blue and black spots with hardly noticeable red edges, instead of a 

 red band. These spots are separated from the edge of the wing by a usually very distinct white marginal 

 line. At Mardin and Aintab. — beccarii Veritij, from Florence, is a very small, dwarfed, form; almost beccarii. 

 tailless, the white line of the underside nearly obsolete. — Larva pale yellowish green or grass-green, with 

 black head, two yellowish subdorsal lines and, further laterad, small pale oblique spots; in May adult on 

 blackthorn, especially small bushes which grow on sunny slopes: the larva can be obtained by beating. 

 The butterflies have very definite haunts which are widelj' dispersed throughout the distribution area and 

 often of very limited extend ; they occur particularly on rocky slopes, with blackthorn hedges and exposed 

 to the full force of the sun, in June, showing a preference for resting on UmbeUifers. 



T. rubicundula Leech (73 d, erroneously printed rubimacula on the plate). The ? of this small nibicimdula. 

 Central Chinese species has an inconspicuous and dull-coloured patch on the forewing, which is absent from 

 the forms of acaciae. On account of the insufficient material it is not known if the spot is always present. 

 The underside is characteristic, the red submarginal band of the hindwing being continued on to the fore- 

 wing and the white W-line at the anal angle being double. — Chang- Yang, obtained in June. 



T. oenone Leec/; (73c). Likewise from China (Ta-tsien-lu). Larger, similar to puni; like this species oenone. 

 with a row of dark spots in the red submarginal band of the hindwing beneath, but this band vestigial 

 only. On the other hand the hindwing above bears a red anal band, which in the ? is even continued 

 on to the forewing, there being moreover a whitish marginal line in the anal area of the hindwing. Found 

 at a considerable altitude. 



T. mera Leech (73 c). Still larger, almost equalling in size a large pruni, but the cf above without mem. 

 any red in the anal area of the hindwing. The tails longer than in pruni, the white line of the underside 

 distinct and very straight, double in the anal area of the hindwing. — In Japan, not plentiful, probably the 

 eastern representative of p-uni, which does not occur in Japan. 



T. pruni L. (73 d). Above in the (f with a few anal spots, in the ? an anal halfband and sometimes a pnini. 

 discal spot brick-red. Beneath the line of white bars is very thin, and the brick-red submarginal band of the 

 hindwing is placed between two rows of black spots, Avhicli are thinly edged with bluish white, and is sometimes 

 continued on to the forewing. Throughout Central and South Europe, from the Atlantic coast and Great 

 Britain throughout Europe and Asia to Amurland and Corea; but absent from North Africa and probably 

 also from Japan, the specimens recorded from the latter country presumably belonging to mem or prvnoidet^. 

 In ab. fulvior Tutt (particularly ??) the forewing bears an orange-yellow discal patch, the rest of the wing fulvior. 

 being dusted with golden brown. In ab. ptorsas Hf'ngl. both wings have a reddish yellow submarginal band ptorsas. 

 above; transitional specimens have an incomplete band (ab. progressa, excessa). ab. obsoleta Tutt has no obsoleta. 

 reddish yellow anal spots above, while these spots are pale yellow instead of red in ab. lutea Tutt. A lutea. 

 specimen in which the underside is dull and has no black spots on the proximal side of the band on the 

 hindwing has received the name ab. paupera Tutt, and individuals with a broad white macular band on the paupera. 

 underside parallel to the outer margin are ab. albofasclata Tutt. — Egg quite flatt, chagreened, greyish albofasciata. 

 brown, with the top concave; deposited singly or in pairs. Larva woodlouse-shaped, green, with a darker 

 dorsal stripe, at the sides of which there are small brown warts or tubercles; from April till the end of 

 May on Blackthorn and Plumtrees. It has been observed to attack other prM«/-larvae which had fastened 

 themselves before moulting (Frohawk). Pupa anteriorly somewhat angular, black-brown, with darker markings 

 and a pale saddle-patch, the abdomen being tuberculate and strongly raised, the whole resembling a small 

 bud or bird-droppings. The butterflies appear in June, usually flying singty, being so abundant however in 

 certain years that one can easily obtain several dozen within an hour. At such occasions they fly about 

 the twigs of the food-trees and the undergrowth beneath them; they are very partial to flowering privet. 



T. prunoides Stgr. (73 d). Smaller than pruni. the d' above usuaUy quite unicolorous, without a.ny prunoides. 

 anal red. The white line on the hindwing beneath more distinct, straighter and at the costa a little nearer 

 the base, d" without scent-spot. — i'roni the Altai eastward, in Amurland, Corea and probably also Japan- 



