272 ZEPHYRUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



qnercus. Z. quercus L. (74 c, d). cf above with a blue gloss and narrow black distal border, the ? with 



the basal area of the fore wing blue and often the cell of the hindwing bluish. Underside leaden-grey, with 

 a proximally dark-edged white line before the outer third and in the anal area of the hindwing weak 

 obsoh'ta. yellow sj)ots. ab. obsoleta Tutf are ?? without any blue gloss; there occur also transitional specimens with 

 pallescens. the blue reduced (gemiobsoleta). &h. pallescens Tutt are cfcf with a pale grey greenish instead of bhie gloss. 

 excessus. In ab. excessus Tutt tlie hindniargin of the forewing bears a coppery streak. CouuvoisiEn proposes the 

 latefasciata. name al). latefasciata for specimens with broader white line on the underside, ab. bellus Gcrk. (74 d) are 

 bellus. 55 ^viti, ;-5 small orange spots at the apex of the cell of the forewing, which are reduced to two spots in 

 bipimctatus. ab. biputictatus Tutt and to one in ab. unipunctus Tutt. Widely distributed, occurring throughout Europe 

 unipanctus. gj^fj Asia Minor from England and the Atlantic coast to Armenia and fronr North Europe to the Mediter- 

 iherica. ranean. — Beyond the Mediterranean Sea and on the Iberian Peninsula there occurs iberica i^tgr. (74 d). 

 Larger, above very dark, the blue area of the ? very sharply defined but not very extended. Underside 

 paler silvery grey, the whitish line therefore being less ])rominent. — Egg semiglobular, whitish grey, 

 granulose. The larva, which is already developed in the sunmier, does not leave the egg before April; 

 it bores into the young shoots and later lies on the young leaves, especially on those of the lower twigs 

 of old oak-trees. It is a dreadful cannibal and is evidently avoided by insect-eating birds, as it has been 

 found unmolested in the nest of the blue tit containing young birds (BiiS(;ham-Newl.\^nd). On the other 

 hand it is much infested with ichneumons, as well as a species of Tachina, which develops after the pupa- 

 tion of the caterpillar (Steinfrt). Adult yellowish brown with a reddish tint, on the back a row of 

 triangles connected by a dark line, the sides greenish. On various species of oak, and said to occur also 

 on other plants (Myrica, etc.); adult in July. The pupa rounded, brown, irregularly spotted with blackish, 

 on the back three rows of dark si)ots. The butterflies occur from June till August everywhere in the 

 plains and hills, but usually singly, in certain years more plentifully. They rest on the outer twigs of 

 oak-bushes with the wings always closed, but sometimes tlutter high up about the crowns of old oaks. 



c. Above without gloss, sooty black-browu; beneath more brigiitly spotted. 



Exclusively in Eastern Asia. 



entiiea. Z. cnthea Jans. (74 e). Above dark black-brown, beyond the cell two pale spots in Japanese specimens, 



and two white ones in (Ihinese individuals. Underside whitish, witli smaller and larger, partly seriated, 

 dark spots, the anal area of the hindwing being orange. — Widely distributed, from West China to Amur- 

 land and Japan. Larva according to Graeser uniformlj' pale green, until July on Juglans mandschurica. 

 The butterfly in July and August, plentiful in certain places. 



Ottilia. Z. attilia Brem. (74 d). Above black-brown; o^ unicolorous, ? with pale submarginal spots on the 



hindwing, forming sometimes two rows. Underside whitish, with rows of pale, submarginal, partly dark- 

 centred spots and a pale -edged heavy dark discal band on both wings. — Central and Noi-fh China, 

 southern Amurland and Japan. Larva pale green with yellow dorsal dashes, until the end of J\lay on 

 Quercus mongolica, frequently infe.sted with Tachina. The butterfly from the beginning of July, in many 

 districts plentiful, the connnonest Hairstreak at Yokohama, where I obtained even some specimens in the 

 gardens of the town. 



butleri. Z. butleri Fent. {■= oberthueri ^tgr.). Above like attilia, but the pale spots on the hindwing, which 



in uttilia are only found in the ?, occur in the present species in lioth sexes, although they are duller in the cf 

 than in the ?. The chaiacteristic markings of the underside are slightly visible above and are more irregularly 

 arranged beneath, especially on tlie hindwing, the dark discal band moreover being separated into an irregular 

 row of spots; thus hiitlrri forms a kind of link between enthea and ottUia. — Anuu'land and North Japan, 

 apparently rare everywhere. 



orsedice. Z. orsedicc Btlr. In this rare species, which is unknown to me in nature, the o^ above is dull 



whitish mother-of-pearl, the black outer border becoming lu'oader towards the apex of the forewing; the ? 

 pale leaden -grey with the apex and outer margin of the forewing very broadly black. Costal margin 

 brown witli a feeble violet sheen; hindwing sooty brown, pale grey in the cell and at the hindmargin. 

 Underside grey-brown, with irregular white-edged daik spots and a discal line of the same colour. — North 

 and Central Japan. 



ibara. Here belong, further, two Japanese forms described by Butlhr. Of the one, ibara Btlr., only a 



few ?? are known and it is possilJe that tliese are merely aberrant specimens of one of the other species. 



stygiana. Of the other, described as Thecla stygiana Bt/r., only the type-specimen in the British Museum is known. 



Pryee does not mention this "Thecla" in his Rhopalocera Nihonica and therefore also this specimen may 



be only an individual aberration. 



d. Principally yellow forms; all the species except one from Eastern Asia. 



tutea. Z. lutea Hew. (74 f). The outer margin of the wings strongly lounded. particularly in the 2; hind- 



wing with a long tail. Honey-yellow, the forewing with a broad black distal border. Underside with a 



