ZEPHYRUS.. By Dr. A. Seitz. 273 



white subniai'ginal line, which separates the disc from the orange-red distal margin; on the disc white- 

 edged Ijands, a short similar hand on the cross-veins of the forewing. In Amurland and Japan. — Larva 

 on Qiiercus mongolica, very frequently infested with the larvae of Diptera. The buttertlies occur in August 

 on wide roads in forests of high trees and also in bush-woods; they are rather plentiful in many places. 

 The Continental specimens do not differ from Japanese ones; the black border of the forewing varies rather 

 strongly in width among the individuals from the same locality. 



Z. saepestriata Hew. (74 e, f). Above bright orange-yellow, with a very narrow black boi-iler to snt'/h'striain. 

 the forewing. The underside is characteristic, being honey-yellow and bearing a great number of small 

 black spots arranged in rows. — In Amurland (Vladivostock), on Askold and everywhere in Japan, locally 

 l)lentiful, for instance near Yokohama, in August. 



Z. jonasi Jans. Above uniformly orange-yellow, only the extreme apex and the tail black. Beneath jonasi. 

 similar to lidea, but the white discal line not double, but single, being proximally shaded with dark; the 

 discocellular line likewise dark and single. — In the north of China and Japan; apparently not plentiful, 

 tlying about young trees in August. 



Z. melpomene Leech (74 e). Very similar to j<jiia><i, differing only in the black scaling at the apex melpomene. 

 of the forewing being somewhat extended along the costa , and in the discal line of the forewing beneath 

 not forming an obtuse angle on the median \ein as in Jonasi. — At Chang-Yang, obtained in August. 



Z. comes Lccc/i (74 f). The apex much more extended black than in the two i)revious forms. On comes. 

 the underside the proximally dark-edged white single line stands much nearer to the distal margin and is 

 exactly parallel with it, the hindwing bearing a row of red ocelli between this line and the outer margin; 

 the ground-colour beneath is a deep yellow-brown. — In Central and West China, u[) to HOOO ft., in July, rare. 



Z. minerva Leech (74 f). Very similar to the preceding, but the black apical area above more minerva. 

 extended, the upperside much lighter yellow, not being so deep orange. Above all, the undei-side palei' 

 yellow, and the row of ocelli between the white line and the margin continued on to the forewing. 

 — I-chang, in June. 



Z. seraphim Oberth. Much smaller than the preceding forms, greyish yellow-, the apex of the fore- seraphim. 

 wing being dull black ; beneath the same colour, as above, the row of red ocelli hardly contrasting with the 

 ground. — Widely distributed and plentiful in West China, in June and July, up to 10000 ft. 



Z. thespis Leecli (74 e). Likewise small, hardly as large as sentphhH, above without the greyish thespis. 

 apical shado\\', Hie white line of the underside double. — I-chang, in August. 



Z. michaelis Oberth. (75a). Beneath rather similar to the preceding forms, but the uppeiside is ""'*'"'/''*"• 

 sti-ongly darkened in the nymotypical form. The hindwing mostly entirely deep black-brown, the forewing 

 the same colour, but with an orange discal spot. In the ? the black margin of the forewing is less broad 

 aiul the hindwing bears same larger orange spots before the outer margin. Amurland and Askold. — 

 gabrielis Leech (74 g) closely resembles the previous species, as the upperside of both sexes is ovsinge- g^bn'e/is. 

 yellow with black shadows at tlie apex of both wings. This West Chinese insect, which Lekch treats as a 

 form of iiiichae/is, might be better kept as a separate species. 



Z. raphaelis Oberth. (75a). Above and beneath similar to the pieceding forms; above orange with raphaelis. 



black distal border, which widens at the apex, the hindwing without tail, which is present in all the 



previous species. Anmrland, Askold and Corea. in August. — flamen Leech (75 a), which the author //"""'"• 

 considers as a variety (seasonal?) of raphaelis, is much larger. 



Z. betulae L. Black-brown; cf with a pale diffuse patch, ? with a broad orange l)and beyond the betulac. 

 crossveins. Underside ochreous, with dark-edged white lines. In North and Central ?]urope und Northern 

 Asia eastward to the Pacific. Tqtt naines cfcf without the pale diffuse patch beyond the crossveins ab. 

 unicolor, while this patch is nearly white in ab. pallida Tuft. In ab. spinosae Gerh. there appear beyond unicolor. 

 the apex of the cell small orange-spots , which may be jialer yellow than the discal spots of the ?. The P"^/''^"- 

 orange discal band of the ? is sometimes narrow: ab. restricta'7'«/^, and sometimes broad {= ab. lata). ^J^"i^-^"fg 

 ?? in which the band is pale ochreous instead of orange are ab. fisoni Wheeler, while the band is separated fisoni. 

 into several spots by the heavily black veins in ab. lineata Tiitt. A very remarkable form is ab. cuneata lineata. 

 Tiitt, which bears a broad orange submarginal band on the hindwing. On the underside the white lines cuneata. 

 are sometimes more or less obsolete, or distorted {= ab. Hucillnea). Or they may be strongly developed 

 and modified into a kind of wliite-edged dark Iiand in (■onse([uence of the iiiters])ace between the white 

 lines being dark ; this is ab. virgata Tiitf. — Of the geographical races ongodai Tidt is the one nearest virgata. 

 to the European form. The cT has distinct discal lunules at the apex of the cell on Hie forewing but no ongodai. 

 pale patch beyond the same, the orange spots on the anal lobe of the hindwing and near the base of the 

 tail being larger and more distinct. The orange spot of the ? is very narrow, being traversed by the black 



