•280 CHRYSOPHANUS. Bij Dr. A. Seitz. 



on the ground. Being thus dependant on fructifying plants, they have mostly only one brood and remain 

 in the pupal state for au extremely long time. 

 ballus. T. ballus F. (75 d, e). <J above dark brown, with traces of small red spots in the anal area of the 



hindwing. In the (larger) ? the forewing red-yellow except the costal and distal margins, there being a 

 similarly coloured ovate band-like spot before the distal margin of the hindmargin. The underside of both 

 sexes recalls that of Chrijsophmms fhlaeas, but the basal area of the hindwing is dusted with verdigris. 

 French Eiviera, Spain, North Africa. — • The egg green, somewhat flat, with a network of polygonals, laid 

 singly on the upperside of leaves of Boujeania hispida. Larva rather thick, not so flat as in many other 

 Lycaenids, the segments swollen, separated from each other by deep incisions; greenish j^ellow, with bluish 

 dorsal stripe and a red-brown lateral one, there being thin oblique streaks between them; until the end of 

 May in the pods of the food-plant. Pupa ovate, rounded everywhere, with shallow minute puncturation; 

 as far as known the larva pupates free on the ground. The butterflies from February till April in places 

 where the food-plant grows, often exceedingly plentiful. The specimen, when covered with the net, often 

 drops to the ground and conceals itself in the grass. 

 Imiiciis "^' Tiauritanicus Luc. (= ballus v. undulatus Gerli.) (75 d). Similar to the preceding species, larger. 



The red-yellow patch of the hindwing of the $ occupies the whole wing except the base and margins. The 

 underside of the hindwing not dusted with green, but is brown, with two bands composed of black-edged 

 yellowish brown spots. Varies considerably; the (^ shews sometimes vestiges of a discal spot on the forewing 

 above, the black dots of the underside may be numerous, or sparser, or confluent, etc. - — In Algeria and 

 Morocco, in stony places, especially on the southern slopes of the Atlas, here sometimes in thousands, from 

 February until April. 

 romanovi. T. romanovi Christ. (75 d). Above both sexes similar to the $ of baUus; a spot each in the disc of 



the forewing and before the distal margin of the hindwing red-yellow. Beneath the hindwing and the apex 



maculifera. of the forewing of a delicate silky bluish grey. Armenia. — In the form maculifera Sigr., from Mardin in 

 Mesopotamia, the upperside is more extended red-yellow, and the underside bears seriated reddish spots of 

 variable size. — Larva similar to that of Ze-ph. quercus in shape and size, but less flat, more cylindrical, 

 reddish yellow-grey, with black-brown head, the single segments darker above, the dorsal line dark brown- 

 red, at its sides heavy dark oblique stripes; until June in the inflorescences of Astragalus scharuhdensis. 

 The pupa rounded everywhere, red-brown, in the ground. The butterflies are on the wing in April and 

 May in Armenia, in stony ravines in the mountains. 



fedtschcnkoi. T. fedtschenkoi Ersch. (75 d). The largest species. Forewing with red-yellow disc; hindwing black- 



brown, in the ^ often with small yellowish red spots. On the underside of the hindwing and the apex of 

 alpina. the forewing magnificently blue-green. In Turkestan (Samarkand), Ferghana, etc. — The form alpina Gr.- 

 Grsli., from the Pamir, has the base of the wings more strongly dusted with black and the disc more 

 ochreous. — In April and May in luxuriant meadows. 



callimachus. T. callimachus Ev. (= epiphania Boisd., hafis Koll.) (75 e). Above bright fiery cinnabar-red, mar- 



gins and base of wings black, fringes chetjuered with brown. Hindwing beneath earth-brown, fasciated with 

 dark brown and minutely dotted with black. Coasts of the Black Sea, Persia and Ferghana. — In the 

 dentata. form dentata Stgr., from northern Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, the black distal margin of the wings is 

 very strongly dentate and the hindwing beneath is grey-brown. — Larva reddish yellow-brown, with dark 

 dorsal line and pale lateral one, between which there is a dark stripe composed of small oblique spots; on 

 Astragalus ph^ysodes. The butterflies in April and May on hills, not rare. 

 nocielii. T. nogelii H.-Schdff. (= nogellii La7ig) (75 e). The smallest species, recognizable by the hindwing 



beneath bluish grey ornamented with red macular bands, which are dotted with black at their edges. In 

 the typical form, from Asia Minor and Turkey, the forewing bears a red discal patch and the hind- 

 obscura. wing a red transverse spot before the anal area. — In the larger obscura Biihl (75 e) the upperside is uni- 

 formly black-brown, except for some vestiges of red-yellow before the distal margin of the hindwing; from the 

 Taurus and Armenia. Transitions to this form occur almost everywhere among the name-typical race. • — 



aurantiaca. aurantiaca Stgr. (75 e) has the red-j-ellow of the upperside so enlarged that the forewing is orange-red with 



nesimachus. black margins. Asia Minor, especially in the district of Angora; Syria. — nesimachus Oherth. has even 

 more red-yellow on the forewing, the black margin being interrupted by the fiery ground-colour or even 



dobrogensis. reduced to marginal dots. Syria. — dobrogensis Car. (75 e) is a very large form from Eoumania, which 

 considerably surpasses in size even the otherwise similar ohscura; found on Astragalus ponticus, on which 

 probably the larva feeds. — In May and June, not rare, but flying so low that it is difficult to follow the 

 small insect with the eyes (Staudingee). 



22. Genus: Chrysopliaims Hbn. 



Eather small butterflies, in which the (J(J have nearly always and the $$ sometimes the whole or 

 part of the upperside of the wings golden red. 



