282 CHEYSOPHANUS. By Dr A. Seitz. 



zermattm- gucli individuals are united as ab. zermattensis Fall. (76 a). It is hardly possible to decide from Fallou's 

 ®'^' very long description of this form which are the real characteristics of his aberration, so that strictly 

 speaking not all the specimens standing in collections under this name belong here, particularly not all the 

 specimens from the Yalais; in fact only those individuals are true ab. zermaitensis which, like plilaeas caeruleo- 

 functata, have a chain of white dots before the outer third of the hindwing, as shown in the figure given in 

 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. vol. V. pi. 2. Besides the modification of the colour of the upperside into sepia-brown, 

 both sexes differ on the underside in the forewing bearing a broad dark margin and the hindwing being 

 seriaia. washed with fuscous, ab. seriata Frulist. are zermattensis-^^ which have a discal row of white dots on the 

 fredegiinda. hindwing proximally to the row of black spots, ab. fredegunda Fruhsf. bears, besides those dots, a row of 

 submarginal spots on the forewing beneath. — Of more strictly individual aberrations we mention first ab. 

 micgii. miegii Yogel (76 b, c), with stronger black spots above and beneath, the spots even appearing on the 

 upperside of the forewing in the ^, and with broad black margin. Transitions to this aberration occur 

 guttata, everywhere and have partly received names, for instance ab. guttata ScliuUz with strongly developed black 

 spots and narrow marginal band; especially well marked specimens are found in' the south of the area, in 

 montana. Spain, Portugal and Armenia, ab. motltana Meissn., from the Ehone glacier, is the name for smaller 

 specimens, which approach oranula, but are not of constant occurrence like the latter. Sometimes the 

 vunciata' hiiiclwing above bears small bluish white spots arranged in a submarginal row; this is ab. albopunctata 

 Huene (= caeruleopunctata Gillm.). $$ with the ground-colour of the upperside dirty yellowish brown are 

 ^°'^^fu,'fJ!'n a'j- voelschowi G'(7///i. (= milena Schultz). In ab. sincera Schultz the black marginal dots are absent from 

 the hindwing of the ^. Accordmg to Courvoisier s proposition to give the same name to the same kind of 

 aberration in the various species, the specimens with the black spots of the underside forming streaks may 

 lateradiata. ^® named ab. elongata Courv.; in certain $$ — ab. lateradiata Schultz — these longitudinal streaks appear 

 also on the upperside. being united with the marginal spots. — Fruhstorfer distinguishes, moreover, accord- 

 athanagild. ing to locality a number of separate races, calling the specimens from the Engadine athanagild; these are 

 smaller than zermattensis, darkened beneath, with more extended pale red anal lunate spots; $ as light as 

 juvara. galsniniJia , but smaller. — Bavarian specimens are named by him juvara. They are said to be smaller 

 than typical northern vlrgaureae; in the $ the hindwing is nearly quite black with broad yellow sub- 

 marginal band. Beneath darker, the red in the anal area of the hindwing broader, more compact, the 

 galsninthu. black spots reduced, ab. galsnintha Fruhst. are the specimens with yellow instead of black hindwing. ab. 

 o?i/irt. onka Frvhst. is the name for individuals in which the upperside is very pale, yellowish white, strongly 

 glossy, corresponding to ab. schmidti of phlaeas. — The egg semiglobular, grey-green, with a network of 

 polygons, laid singly or several together on the stalk of the foot-plant. Larva green with a yellow sti-ipe 

 on back and at the sides, brownish head and brownish legs; at first glassy, transparent, later yellow on 

 the back. Emerges in April and feeds until .Tune on Eumex and Solidago. Pupa rounded, smooth, 

 similar to a small bean, brownish, with dark markings; on the thorax a dark dorsal longitudinal stripe, 

 which is continued on the abdomen by a row of impressed dots. The butterflies are on the wing from the 

 end of June into August on meadows, clearings in woods, mountain-sides and flowery slopes; they are 

 abundant almost everywhere in the area aru:! ascend in the high mountains above 10,000 ft. 



ottoiiianus. C. ottomanus Lef. (= legeri Frr.) (76 c). Above very similar to virgaureae; the hindwing of the ^ 



with very short but distinct tails. The underside quite different, the hindwing bearing a row of cinnabar- 

 red spots before the margin. In spring-specimens the ground-colour of the underside of the hindwing is 

 plumbeous grey, being more yellowish in the individuals of the second brood. The former, moreover, bear 

 frequently black dots on the upperside of the forewing. — On the Balkan Peninsula and in Asia Minor, in 

 May and June, locally so common that, e. gr., Mann obtained near Brussa over 100 specimens in two hours. 



thetis. C. thetis Klug (= Ignitus H.-Schdff.) (76 c). At once recognized by the black apex of the forewing 



of the cJ being continued along the costal margin for some distance and by the markings of the underside 

 of the hindwing being almost entirely suppressed by light scaling. In the southern districts of the Balkan 

 caudatus. Peninsula, Asia Minor and Transcaucasia. — caudatus Stgr. (76 c, d, on the plate caudata) is a form (spring- 

 brood?) with thin but rather long tail. — -The name-typical form flies in July and is plentiful on flowering 

 thyme, occasionally being found together with virgaureae. 



ocliimus. C. ochimus H.-Schdff. (= phaeton Frr., kefersteinii Gerh.) (76 d). Above light golden red, the ground- 



colour almost the same in the sexes, except that the $ is dusted with dark on the upperside at the base 

 of both wings. Underside with rather large round spots. ■ — A specimen from North Persia with black 

 marginal spots on the forewiiig and enlarged dots on the hindwing above as well as with a bright orange 

 hyrcana. ha,nd before the distal margin of the hindwing beneath has been named hyrcana by Neuburger. — The 

 alpherakii. form alpherakii Gr.-Grsh., from the Pamir, likewise based on a single (J, has the black distal margin of the 

 forewing dentate on the discal -side and widened at tha apex, .the spots, of the underside being reduced. 



