CHEYSOPHANUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 283 



Elwes believes this form to be identical with aditya Moore, in which case it would belong to solskyi. — As 

 in all CJtrysophanus, the dark spots of the underside are occasionally prolonged towards the outer margin, 

 forming streaks; this is ab. strigifera Schultz. siriyifera. 



C. solskyi ErscJi. (7G d). The black apical margin of the forewing is continued along the costa as in solskyi. 

 thetis, but the underside is profusely spotted with black, as in ochimus; from the Kissat Mts., said to come 

 also from Samarkand. — fulminans Gr.-Grsh. (76 e) has, especially in the ?, the upper surface brighter on fulminam. 

 account of the spai'ser black dusting, and particularly the underside much more vividly coloured, the red- 

 dish yellow disc of the forewing contrasting strongly with the leaden grey of the hindwing; this form, 

 moreover, is tailed. From Ferghana. — aditya Moore is larger and the black distal margin is very narrow, aditya. 

 being almost a mere line, which, however, is continued along the costal margin and bears a row of well 

 developed marginal dots. Kashmir. — This species flies as late as the end of July and August and 

 appears to be a mountain insect, the occurrence in the plains being doubtful. 



C. lampon Led. (76 e). More glossy golden cinnabar-red, i. e. paler than the previous forms; both lampon. 

 sexes with a rather long tail; underside leaden grey, reddish yellow on the disc of the forewing, with 

 small black spots nearly as in omphale, but the black margin of the forewing is in both sexes continued 

 along the costa for 3 or 4 mm. In May in various mountains of Persia. — Represented in the plains by 

 the tailless form lamponides Stgr.: larger, similar to ochimus, with thinner black margin on the upperside; lamponides. 

 in July. 



C. thersamon Esp. (= xanthe Hhn.) (76 e). Bright golden red; but the hindwing, also in the ^, so Ihersamon. 

 much dusted with dark scaling that a light submarginal band contrasts distinctlv with the ground. On the 

 underside the disc of the forewing and the submarginal band of the hindwing both cinnabar-red, contrasting 

 with the grey ground. South-east Europe, the eastern districts of Italy opposite the Balkan Peninsula, 

 Asia Minor and Turkestan, extending north-westwards to Hungary, Bohemia and Saxony. — omphale Klug omphale. 

 (76 e) is the short-tailed summer-form, which flies from July until September. — In persica Bien. the persica. 

 upperside is very fiery and tlie dots of the median row on the hindwing beneath are larger; in the sub- 

 alpine region of the mountains north-west of El Meshed (Persia). — alaica Gr.-Grsh. is washed with dark on alaica. 

 the upperside, and has the underside more yellowish with larger dots. Ferghana. — Larva green, with 

 swollen segments, the dorsal line j^ellow, thinly divided, the side-line likewise yellow, between the two lines 

 darker oblique smears; head and legs brown; adult in June and again in the autumn on Sarothamnus and 

 Rumex. The pupa evenly rounded, dark brown. The butterflies occur as tailless form in April and Mav, 

 and again as omphale from July onward, flying on dr^- sunny hillsides, not being rare at their flight-places, 



C. asabinus H.-Hchdff. (= helius H.-Schdff.) (76 f), Above reddish golden with little gloss, both asabinus. 

 sexes spotted with black; the underside more uniform in colour, leather-yellow. Much smaller than most 

 preceding species, only comparable to very small specimens of thersamon. Asia Minor, Armenia. — In 

 tauricus Biihl-Heyne the upper surface is more distinctly and more strongly dotted and the hindwing bears tauricus. 

 in the ^J a shorter, in the $ a longer tail. From the Taurus, Syria, Kurdistan and Mesopotamia. — 

 satraps Stgr. has the underside of the hindwing dark grey and more densely and strongly spotted. Near satraps. 

 Amasia in Asia Minor and in Lydia, also in the Caucasus, in spring. 



C. dispar Haw. (76 f). Very variable in size, many specimens being smaller than large rutilus', differs dispar. 

 from the latter in the larger spots of the underside, especially in the ?. In the ^J an additional black spot appears 

 frequently, but not always, in the centre of the cell on the upperside, this spot being in the $ usually more than 

 twice as large as in rutilus. The butterfly occurred formerly in England, but is now extinct. The eggs were laid on 

 Rumex hydrolapathum, the larva was green like the leaves of Rumex, with dark dorsal hue. Pupa at first green, 

 later grey M'ith a dark dorsal line and two abbreviated pale stripes. — Early last century the species was still 

 plentiful in several swampy districts of England, for instance at Whittlesea-Mere and other places, but did not 

 occur in Ireland. On account of the intense cultivation of the soil in England these swamps were drained and the 

 land employed for agriculture. In 1820 fifty or even more specimens of dispar could still be obtained in a 

 short time. At that period 3 to 4 shillings the dozen were paid in England. In 1845 a rapid decrease 

 was noticed in Cambridgeshire. In 1847 five specimens were caught in Huntingdonshire, since when no 

 further captures have been recorded. In the seventies the commercial value had already increased to 20 

 shilling. In 1893, in the auction-room in London 31 specimens were sold which realized about £ 139, i. e. 

 nearly 90 shilUngs the specimens. At another sale, in 1902, an average price of £ 5. was paid for dispar, 

 a specially fine ? realizing as much as X 7. ') — ab. cuneigera Tutt are individuals in which the spot in cuneigera. 

 the cell of the forewing is enlarged to a streak which occupies the greater part of the cell. ab. alba Tuti alba. 



') cf. Charniel, The Field Entomologist's Quaterly, vol. I.; W. Leonhardt, Insekten-Borse 1904, p. 235. 



