ZIZEEA. By Dr. A. Seilz. 295 



bears also some similarity to Chilades trochilus, with which galba moreover agrees in size. It is very easily 

 separated from trochilus by the absence of red and blue submarginal dots. — Syria, said to occur also 

 in Egypt, being mentioned, e. g., from Ismailia on the canal of Suez. 



Z. lysimon Hbn. (79 c). ^ above a beautiful dark blue with a very broad dark margin, ? uni- lysimon. 

 formly dark brown-grey. Beneath so similar in markings to the preceding that galha has been considered 

 a mere form of lysimon (De Niceville); but the markings are thinner, less prominent and usually also 

 less numerous, only the row of dots placed at two-thirds being verj- conspicuous. Moreover, lysimon is 

 generally smaller than galha, more violet-blue, the wings narroAver with much shorter fringes. In the $ the 

 submarginal row of spots and dots on the hindwing beneath is usually obsolete, often hardly or not 

 at all recognizable. The broader distal marginal band of both wings of lysimon distinguishes it from the 

 very similar Abyssinian Z. knysna. In worn specimens the blue sealing has often disappeared, and Hiibner's 

 specimen seems to have been such an individual, the name ,,ab. caeruleosuffusa" being later on proposed 

 for better preserved specimens. The species is also seasonally dimorphic, ab. karsandra Moore is a pale karsandra. 

 $-form (described from a single specimen). In ab. mora Swinh. the ocelli of the underside are partly mora. 

 enlarged to small streaks. — Larva small and narrow, densely covered with minute white hairs, grass- 

 green, with paler dorsal line; found on Zornia diphylla, not observed in company of ants. Pupa small, 

 somewhat slenderer, light green, with darker dorsal line and brown edge to the wing-cases. The species 

 is exceedingly abundant; in the warmer districts it is found all through the year on open grassy places 

 and on sunny roads, sometimes in such abundance that the air appears to glither. Even in the towns they 

 are found in the gardens on the lawn, and one always encounters some lysimon where in pubUc places 

 there are artificial lawns or flower-beds. It is distributed over the whole of Asia except the North and 

 East, also over a large part of Africa, and extends even to Australia, although the forms found there 

 have received special names. In the Palearctic Kegion it flies in South Europe and West Asia, according 

 to several authors also in Mauretania; it is locally not rare on the Canary Islands. 



Z. minima Fnessl. ■{= alsus F., minutus Esp.,) (82 d).^ and ? above dark brown, the former dusted minima. 

 with blue at the base. Beneath pure dust-grey, only with a submarginal row of small ocelli, so that the 

 species resembles a small $ of semiargus. Throughout Europe and Northern Asia as far as Anuirland. 

 ab. alsoides Gerh. has the blue scaling at the base of the wings stronger developed and more bluish green, alsoides. 

 and is larger. — magna BilJd on the other hand is less dusted with blue, but always very large; it is magna. 

 the Central Asiatic form. —Egg pale green, flat, the top concave; deposited in the flowers of Anthyllis, 

 Astragalus, Trifolium, etc. Larva green, often with a brownish tint, on the back yellow or red lines; 

 in June and the autumn. Pupa yellowish green, with longitudinael rows of dark dots. The butterflies 

 are on the wing in April and May and again im August, but in the High Alps almost without interruption 

 during the whole summer: they are restricted to certain localities, where they occur often in enormous 

 numbers, e. g. in the Alps, but are also absent from large districts. 



Z. lorquinii H.-Schaff. (82 d) resembles minima very much and has been considered a form of lorquinii. 

 it. But Butler draws attention to the differences between them, lorquinii having the wing-bases above 

 dusted with purplish violet instead of blue-green. The ocelli of the underside are differently arranged, 

 the submarginal row being much more regular and more evenly curved in lorqiiinii. In South France, 

 Spain and the opposite districts of North Africa. — A very large form of this species, as large as or 

 larger than Lye. sebrus, is described from Central Asia; this is buddhista Alj)h. from the Tian-shan. buddhista. 



Z. gaika Trim. (= pygmaea Snell.) (79 c). Hardly larger than lysimon: ^ above violet-blue, gfufca. 

 ? brown without any metallic scaling. Underside pale dust-grey, with several rows of ocelli along the outer 

 margin, the submarginal ocelli being the largest and most conspicuous. On the discocellulars a transverse 

 spot, but no spot in the cell itself. — In Arabia, Persia, Afghanistan to Kashmir, locally not rare, but 

 not easily caught on account of its small size and low flight. I often met with pairs of this species on 

 road-sides. Besides the countries mentioned, gaika is widely distributed in Asia and Africa. 



Z. Otis F. This is the very smallest, Indian, species, of which the typical form does not otis. 

 enter the Palearctic Region. — The form indica Moore (= sangra Moore) (79 c) is distinguished from indica. 

 true Otis by the very distinct discocellular spot on the forewing beneath; all over India, north-eastwards 

 beyond Shanghai, on the Loo Choo Islands and Formosa. — fhibetensis Poujade is pale brown beneath, thibetensis. 

 the spots being black and hardly hke ocelh. ^ and ? above with metallic scaling at the base, which 

 is more restricted in the $; from Tibet. 



Z. maha. If all the forms here enumerated really belong to one species, the area of distribution 

 is immense, reaching from the coast of the Pacific westwards to Kashmir and the Persian gulf. The blue 

 of the upperside is always very light and uniform in the ^, except that it is of a deeper gloss and 

 mostly somewhat opalescent in the form argia. The margin is blackish, being broad in some forms, narrow 

 and opalescent in others. The underside, too, is very variable; the ground-colour is either almost white. 



