LYCAENA. By Dr. A. Seiiz. 311 



pupillata Aiiiii. — crassipunctata Chrisl. are Armenian specimens with the discocelhilar spot of the forewiug pupillala. 

 above niucli enlarged. — Not rare in June and July, in Europe often restricted to the mountains. punlhita. 



L. eros 0. (= tithonus Hbv.) (SO c, d). c? very l)right blue, with a metallic gloss like enamel, eros. 

 Iilack margin to the forewing and black distal-marginal spots to the hindwing, these spots contrasting 

 strongly with the pure white fringes. $ brown, sometimes with yellowish red distal-marginal spots. Under- 

 side strongly recalling icarus, but ^ as well as ? with distinct white median streak on the hindwing. In 

 the higher mountains of southern Europe as far as the Alps, and in the mountain-districts of Anterior ^g^^-. 

 Asia. — In ab. petrividenda Favrc the hindwing beneath has no black marginal spots, but instead a white videnda. 

 band before the margin, ab. albipicta Sclndtz has a white discocellular spot on the forewing above instead albipidu. 

 of the hardly visible black one. ab. caerulescens Oberth. (80 d) are ?? with bright blue upperside, which caerwJescews. 

 occur singly and rarely in Europe, but are said to be a constant form in West China; this, however, is 

 very improbable, and Leech says nothing about it. — erotides Styr. (80 d), from the mountains of Southern erotides. 

 Siberia, is a large, blue-green ^-form, with broad black distal margin to the forewing, into which the deep 

 black veins merge. — eroides Friv. (= anteros Frr., everos Gerh.) is more sky-blue than greenish blue and eroides. 

 the largest form of the species after the following one; in Eastern Europe, particularly in Kussia, the 

 Balkan Peninsula, westwards extending to Germany, where it occurs in East Prussia and Posen, though 

 only rarely. 1) — The (J(^ of the South Russian form boisduvalii H.-ScJiiiff. (80 d) have again a different blue, boisduvalii. 

 being paler, purer, brighter, the outer margin of the forewing is broadly black, the black veins in the 

 apical area of the forewing being thin but sharply marked. — sutleja Moore, from Kashmir, is extremely close to sidleja. 

 boisduralii, having the same tint of blue, but its black margin is somewhat narrower and the black veins 

 in the apical area of the forewing are not quite so sharply defined. — In amor Stgr. (80 e), from Ferghana amor. 

 and the Tian-shau, the blue of the upperside of the ^ has a violet sheen, nearly as in icarus, and the black 

 margin is narrower. — napaea Gr.-Grsh. has likewise the satne blue tint above as icarus, but the black napaea. 

 margin is much broader, as is also the costal area of the hindwing. From the Boro-Choro Mts. in Central 

 Asia. — erigone Gr.-Grsh. (80 e), from the Pamir, is considerably smaller; beneath the ocelli are less prom- erigone. 

 inent and the white streak of the hindwing is very distinct. Also the $ bears a superficial resemblance 

 to icarus, whose blue colour is almost exactly the same as that of the erigone cJc?; obtained at a con- 

 siderable altitude (13,000 ft.). — pseuderos Moore extends still further south, as far as Kashmir. The pseuderos. 

 distal margin with black-grey spots above; the forewing beneath without basal ocelli and the discal row of 

 ocelli more straight. — helena Gr.-Grsh.. from the Sinin Mts., resembles East Russian eroiVZes, but the blue has helena. 

 already a slight tinge of violet, and the black margin is narrower. In the underside the rust-yellow sub- 

 marginal spots are larger and the dark marginal spots are deeper black and more prominent. Perhaps 

 hilucha Moore, from Quetta, outside the Palearctic territ(jry l)elongs also here — The early stages of the 

 species do not appear^o be known. The butterflies occur from June until August; they are not rare and are 

 in the Alps among the most freciuent visitors of damp places on the roads. They agree best with argus and 

 argyrognomon in habits and flight. 



L. venus Stgr. (80 e). Recognizable by the peculiar dazzling but not very metallic blue of the ^^. venus. 

 It is a deep sky-blue, not a violet-blue as in icarus, and not a green-blue as in eros. The $ dark brown 

 with more or less distinct reddish yel'ow marginal spots. Beneath similar to icarus and like this with 

 basal ocelli on the forewing and blue-green scaling at the base, but the spots mostly more prominent, the 

 median streak of the hindwing sometimes vestigial (as in our figure) or more distinct, the red submarguial 

 spots further away from the margin and the row of dots placed at its proximal side situated in a narrow 

 Avhite band formed by the pale borders of the ocelli being merged together. Turkestan and Tibet (Amdo). 

 — The forms lama Gr.-Grsh., from the neighbourhood of Chincheng, and sinina Gr.-Grsh., from the foot- f^l"■";^^ 

 hills of the Sinin Mts., are said by Staudinger not to differ from the name-typical form; according to 

 Grum-Grshimailo, who places lama with eros, the former is more violet-blue and beneath darker, while 

 shiina has a broader border than true vemis. — The species is plentiful and flies on alpine meadows in 

 June and Julv, ascending in the Pamirs up to 9000 ft. 



L. stoiiczkana Fhlr. 'is very variable in size and in the markings of the underside. Gn the whole gluliczkuna. 

 consderably larger than the preceding insects, above a very brilliant violet-blue, in the shade of icarus but 

 with a broader black margin and sometimes with a distinct discocellu ar spot on the forewing. Underside 

 Lghter and more diffuse than in most other species of this group, the red-yellow submarginal markings 

 sometimes absent or very pale, hardly noticeable; on the other hand the underside is much more varieg- 

 ated with white, on the centre of the hindwing. around the ocelU and before the margin, the last being 

 occasionally broadly white. From Kashmir. — ariana Moore (80 e), which name Bingham treats as a uriavu. 

 synonym, are according to Staumnger-Rebel the larger specimens, such as are found typically beyond the 

 boundary of the Palearctic territory in North India, but occur also already in Southern Kashmir. — hunza hunza. 

 Gr.-Grsh. (80 e) are very large specimens with almost entirely white underside, the ocelli and russet-coloured 

 marginal spots being reduced to weak vestiges ; from the Pamir. — A very remarkable form has been discovered 

 a few years ago at Khamba-Yong (Tibet): arena Fawc. The hindwing beneath bears only one ocellus, arena. 

 ') Plate 80 row d fig. 4 crotdea is erroneously spelt erotides ?. 



