LYCAEXA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 313 



spots of the 5 being shaded with blue. ab. semiclara Tutt are $$ in which the bright bellargus-like blue semidaru. 

 extends only to the centre of the wing. ab. celina Aust. (80 g) has black dots before the distal margin of celma. 

 the hindwing — The underside varies even more than the upper. It is occasionally unusually dark brown: 

 ab. brunnea Gerk. The basal ocelli of the forewing present in ordinary specimens may be both absent: hrinineu. 

 ab. icarinus Scriba {= thersites Gerh.) (80 f, last figure of the row, erroneouslj' named icarus). Or only icurinus. 

 one basal ocellus is present : ab. iphis Meig. On the other hand the ocelli of the forewing beneath may be iphis. 

 united above the hindmargin, either forming small streaks: ab. striata Tutt, or occasionally a small arc: striata. 

 ab. polyphemus E.sp. (= melanotoxa Pine, arcuata Weijm., arcua Farre). In ab. icadius Gr.-Grsh. (80 g), P.°'w''f'""**- 

 which occurs particularly in Anterior Asia, the borders of the ocelli are almost of the same colour as the 

 ground and therefore scarcely visible, being much too distinct in our figure. The hindwing. moreover, has 

 a slightly different shape in this form, which is perhaps on the way to develop into a local race. — pseudocyllarus lyUurus. 

 is the name given by Verity to a specimen caught near Florence which is said to be superficially similar 

 to cyllarus. — As in other common species so also here occur specimens in which the aberrant characters 

 are combined in various ways, which has led to the creation of double names {cyano-cuneata, icanis- 

 cuneata, albo-ocellata, etc.). — Egg flattened, reddish brown, varying in size according to race and some- 

 times brood. Larva pale green, covered with thin and short light hair, with a dark dors^il line, at each 

 side of which there are triangular oblique smears: head black, lateral line pale ^-ellowish; on segment 7 a 

 transverse gland, on segment 8 two reversible tubules bearing belts of hair at the tips. When the larva 

 was irritated by ants the gland gave off drops of liquid in quick succession, which the ants sucked up 

 greedily (Rayward). The larva feeds on Lotus, Ononis, Sarothamnus, Genista, Trifolium and Fragaria: of 

 the last-named plant it also attacks the fruit, burying itself sometimes entirely in the strawberry. From 

 April to September. Pupa glossy dark brown-green with dark dorsal line and 3-ellow spiracles. The butter- 

 flies from May until about October, conmion everywhere on flower-covered field-paths, at the edges of 

 woods and on sunny slopes. Their flight is rather fast and sometimes sustained. They rest in day-time 

 with half-open wings, while they sleep at night with closed wings on Umbellifers, Scabious, etc. In the 

 south occur three overlapping broods, ab. icarinus predominates in the second brood in many districts^ 



L. de.vanica Moore. A large and fine species, which only enters the Palaearctic territory at its demnivu. 

 southern boundarj- in Kashmir. As large as euphemits, above blue in the basal area of both wings, very 

 glossy in the J, with sootj^ black marginal area. The underside dark sooty brown, the ocelli with very 

 heary pupils, those before the margin situated in a yeUow halo. The forewing above has a very distinct 

 discocellular spot in the cj- — The species is doubtless very close to the following one, as noted by Elwes, 

 especially in the dark colour of the underside, but is twice its size. ,, Probably only a race of sarta" 

 (Bingham). Has so far only been observed in the Dras valley in Kashmir, where it is plentiful, in July. 



L. sarta Alph. {= phryxis Stgr., devanica Gr.-Grsh.) (80 h, not sartha). Similar to the preceding, sarta. 

 but considerably smaller. The underside has likewise the ground-colour dark violet-grey or chocolate, and 

 the hindwing beneath bears a white median streak. Specimens from Turkestan are more uniform in colour 

 beneath, Kashmir individuals more variegated with white, ab. caeruleata Biild-Heynn are $5 whose upper- caeruleala. 

 side 'is more strongly dusted with blue. — Turkestan; Kashmir (Chitral). 



L. amandus Schr. (= icarius Esp., corydon Thunb., amanda auct.) (80 h). Eesembling damon in amandus. 



shape and size and in certain local varieties also in the upperside of the cJ. In true amandus, however, 



the tj is above much deeper blue with a slight violet sheen, so that the (J(J look like gigantic icarus, 



from which they are however distinguished at a glance by the costal margin being broadh' shaded with black. 



Also the underside recalls a large icarus, but the basal ocelli are alwaj^s absent from the forewing. In 



South and East Europe, wanting in England and the whole North-West, as well as the greater part of 



Germany and France. Occurs from Spain to Central Asia and from Scandinavia and Denmark east- and 



southward to Greece and Asia Minor. In ab. caeca Gillm. the discal row of ocelli is absent on the under- caeca. 



side. In ab. confluens Schrk. some of the spots of the underside are confluent, ab. stigmatica Schultz has cow/Jxens. 

 Ill 11 1 • 1 f 1 1 • 1 • T 1 J. r iff r. 1 1 sti.matiea. 



black marginal dots on the upperside of the hindwing. In ab. argentea Latnpa. recorded from Sweden, the anjentea. 



(J has the ground-colour of the upperside modified into silvery grey. — In the form lydia Krul. (80 h), lydia. 



from South Russia, the blackish grey shading at the costal margin of the forewing above is absent, the 



wings having only a narrow black edge; the red submarginal spots of the underside are larger. — orien- orientalis. 



talis Stgr. (80 h) has likewise a narrower black border to the forewing above in the (^, but the red spots of 



the underside are rather smaller, certainlj- not larger than in name-typical amandus: Irom Anterior Asia. — 



In amatus Gr.-Grsh. (80 h) the upperside of the ^ is much more glossy and more blue-green instead of amalus. 



violet-blue; the underside is purer dust-grej'. The $ resembles the $ of L. escheri. From the Pamir. — 



turensis Biihl is larger, the blue of the q is as in the name-tvpical form, the underside strongly spotted; turensis. 



the red submarginal spots in the $ present also on the forewing, which happens sometimes also in amatus; 



from Turkestan. — amurensis Stgr. (80 h) is brighter and lighter blue above, the underside bears larger and amurensis. 



more distinct dark spots. From Lake Baikal through Amurland to Askold. — Egg flattened, white, 



minutely reticulated; the meshes of the network polygonal, the corners projecting like the spines of a sea- 



