Pubi. 3. r. 09. LYCAEXA. By Dr. Sntr. S17 



and a very disiinct. sharply defined mesial streak on the hindwing beneath. In the (J the brown eolour 

 of the upperside is restricted to the forewing and here concentrated into a dirty brown patch. Turkev 

 and Asia Minor to Turkestan. Larva green when voung. later on violet; until June on Onobrychis and 

 Medicago. The butterflies from June till August, locally plentiful, especially flying on fields of Esparcet. 



L. hopfferi H.-Schaff. (81 g). ^ of the same ground-colour as mendcas, but above without the dirty hopfferi. 

 brown spot at the base of the forewing. and beneath with such a pale ground-colour that the whitish 

 mesal streak is hardly discernible. The 5 almost hke a dolus- or ripariii-^, but the under-ide with the 

 marginal spots more distinct and the ocelli quite small. Asia ilinor and Kurdistan. — hadjina Heyne- hadjinn. 

 Buhl (81 gi is larger and has no mesal streak on the hindwing beneath; the ocelli are reduced to minute 

 dots: from Mesopotamia. 



L. fhyllis Christ. (81 g). ^ above sea-gre«n, with a silvery silky gloss; J dark brown, with a phgttis. 

 distinct dis«)cellular spot on the forewing. On the underade both sexes have a very sharply 

 defined conspicuous mesial streak which extends from the base across some ocelh to the outer margin. 

 From Persia. — postbtunus Christ. (SI h; is a mountain-form. The ^ beneath much more dusted with po^humus. 

 verdigris at the base, usually smaller and the upperside of a more bluish tinge. $ strongly marked with dark, 

 the veins deeper black and more prominent. At Shakuh, but only at higher altitudes (9 — 11 000 ft.j, 

 while phvUis flies in abundance already low down in the valley. 



L. daraon Stiiiff. (= biton Suls.) (81 h). -J large, briUant shy-blue with a greenish tinge, the dawtOH. 

 margin rroaiiy black, the bright brown underside with or without ocelli, but always with a sharply 

 marked white mesial streak. £ dark brown, above sometimes without traces of reddish submarginal spots. 

 Central and South Europe, throughout Anterior and Central Asia as fer as the Tian-shan. — Specimens 

 entirely without oc-eUi on the hindwing beneath are ab. gOhlieri Krod. (= caeca Aign.i. while individuals gtUwurL 

 with the ocelli distorted into <:.va] spots or streaks, produced by Kboiel by low temperature, are ciiensa. 

 ab. extoisa Krod. In ab. agraphoraena Verity the white streak of the underside is obsolescent, while pj^j^/>n^. 

 ab. ferreti Farre is a dwarfed form of the ^ with narrow border on the upperside. — Larva greenish ferreti. 

 yellow, finely and densely hairy, alternately striped with paler and darker green, the head being brownish 

 and the side-line darker or paler ydlow; until .June on Espareet. The ants are so much after it that 

 the presence of some larvae in a breeding cage in a room is sufficient to bring into the house whole 

 crowds of ants, which gather about the cages, sometimes as many as ten ants being found on one larva. 

 Pupa ochreous, above greenish, darker along the back. The butterflies occur in July and August on 

 fields of Sainfoin and do not venture far away from them. They are plentiful where they occur. 



L. iailMMie Er. (81 h>. At once distinguished from damon by the quite different tint of the blue dawum^. 

 in the 3: the name-typical form, moreover, has a narrow black border. The white mesial streak of the 

 hindwing beneath is either absent or present, but in the latter ease is mostly much less conspicuous, 

 diffuse, obsolescent or shortened, c above dark brown, usuaDy with obsolescent reddish yeUow submarginal 

 spots on "the hindwing. In the southern Ural. ab. iamocles H.-Schdff. is a rare aberration whose ^5 is damocies. 

 smaller, very bright sky-blue. Waring on the thin black border of the hindwing dark triangles resembling 

 diffuse marginal dots. — damooMes Stgr. ;S1 h, i). from Transcaucasia and Persia (e. g. at Shahrud) is damoitides. 

 larger, darker above and beneath, the ground-colour of the tmderside being dark chocola te- brown : the 

 white mesial streak, though prominent, is thinner and shorter. — sibirica Stgr. {= altaica Elic.i. from the sibiriea. 

 Altai, is smaller and has the base of the wings more brightly dusted with blue beneath. — carmon H.- earman. 

 Sthdjf. (=kindermaimi Led., alpestris Frr., eurypilus Gerh.) (81 i) is much smdler than all the other forms 

 of damone: the 5 bright eyaneou^ 1 ' 1-. with broad black border to the forewing. From Asia Minor ^^^^^ 

 (Taurus;, Armenia and Persia. — transcaspka Stgr. is lighter blue above and darker brown beneath: from taspiea. 

 Turkestan. — In cyanea Stgr. the ^ has nearly the same colour as the 3 of icarus, with distinctly black eganea. 

 veins and thin black border; the costal area is a lighter blue and contrasts with the rest of the wing. 

 Armenia. — xerxes Sigr., from Shahrud in Persia, is still smaller, the underside paler with the mesial xerxes. 

 streak entirely obsolete or neariy. — iphigenia H.-Schaff. (81 i) is again similar to damon, above more ipkigenia. 

 greenish blue, with broad black border, iht^ costal and apical areas of the hindwing also being black. 

 The tmderside is paler and has smaller oceUi. Asia Minor and Persia. — iphidamon Stgr. (81 i) is somewhat ipkidamon. 

 larger than the preceding form and the dark border is deeper black: from the Taurus, Kurdistan and 

 Persia. — JHliasa Stgr. {= iphigenia Alph.) (82 a) is more greenish blue above, the black scaling so extends jtOdu-sa. 

 bom the black border over the blue ground that the border graduaDy fades away. From the Tian-shan. 

 According to Alpheeaxt very local and flving about a low plant with blue flowers. — iphigenides - '^. iphigeiude^. 

 ,'= melania Gr.-Crrsh.; (N2aL Much larger than ;iiMm«i. above very similar to iphigenia, but bcah — X'-s 

 beneath with yellowish red marginal spots on the hindwii^. Ttirkestan. — melania Slgr. Upperade of ^ mdania. 

 more green, with very broad border; the underside yellowish grey, with larger oc^li and yellowish red 

 submarginal spots on both wings: from the Pamir. — The butterflies of this species are always local, 

 some races appearing to have a very restricted distribution. They fly in May and Jtme, particularly in 

 desolate stony places where Ojcytropis grows, and occur up to 10 000 ft. 



