LYCAENA. Bn Dr. Seitz. 319 



L. sebrus Bdv. (82 c). Above dull violet-blue (,^) or lilack-browa (?). with the markings ot the sebms. 

 underside feebly shining through, narrow black margin and white fringes; beneath light ashy grey, the 

 base dusted with blue, the ocelli and the median spot being very delicate. In the Alps, locally plentiful, 

 southwards to Italy, south-eastwards to Asia Minor and eastwards to the Altai. Specimens with the ocelli 

 prolonged occur also in this species, as proved by a fine specimen in Courvoisier's collection: ab. elongata donnaia. 

 Courr. i. I. — Larva on Onobrychis and Orobus, until April and again in June. The butterflies in the 

 mountains, sporadic, in May and again from the end of June onwards. 



L. persephatta Alpli. (82 d, e). Both sexes above black-brown without markings, the fringes white, peri^ephatla. 

 Beneath earth-brown, dusted with blue at the base, the ocelli as in semiargus, but smaller, those of the 

 forewing being scarcely visible and frequently quite obsolete. In the Tian-shan in Turkestan, 4000—6000 ft. 

 — minuta Gr.-Grsh. is a smaller mountain form from the Pamir, without blue scaling on the underside miiuda. 

 at the base; not below 5500 ft., upwards to 12 000 ft. On steppes, from the middle of May into July. 



L. semiargus Iio». (= acis .Sc/ii//., argiolus FitessL, argianus Ze(/.) (82 e). cJ above dull but deep scmianias. 

 blue, without gloss, with black margin and thin dark discocellular spot; the fringes pure white. ? above 

 black-brown, the fringes darkened. Underside earth-grey with blue scaling at the base, distinct discocel- 

 lular spot and a row of discal ocelli as well as a basal ocellus below the costa of the hindwing. Of the 

 modifications in the ocelli of the hindwing we mention first ab. spadae Hellweger, in which the ocelli are spadae. 

 all absent. In ab. caeca Fuchs there is only one ocellus on the forewing. In ab. striata Wheel. '■'^^^^^{^ 

 the ocelli are modified into streaks. The ocelli are enlarged and placed nearer to the outer margin in 

 aetnaea Zeti., which was (accidentally) found on the Etna. Throughout Europe and North Asia, eastwards aclnaea. 

 to the Pacific; also in England, but here rare and apparently disappearing; in Europe and Asia as far 

 north as 68o (Herz). — montana M.-Diir (82 e) is an alpine form which occurs in the higher Alps and the vionluna. 

 mountains of South-East Europe; smaller, the J bright blue above, with broader black distal l)order. — 

 bellis Fn: (82 e, f) is above like inontana, but the hindwing beneath bears traces of yellowish red spots bellis. 

 in anal area. — impura Krul has dull yellow spot's before the whole outer margin, especially on the impura. 

 hindwing; from East Russia. — parnassia Sigr., from the Balkan Peninsula, resembles impura, but is imrnassia. 

 larger. — In helena Stgr. (82 f), a small form from the mountains of Southern Greece, the reddish yellow Helena. 

 spots of the underside form a continuous chain and some of them appear in the ? also on the upperside, 

 which is quite generally the case in the still more southern form antiochena Led. — Larva dull greenish antiochcna. 

 yellow with brown head, a dark dorsal line and a dark lateral one; in July and in the autumn on Anthyl- 

 iis and Armeria vulgaris, in the inflorescences. Pupa light olive-green, the hibernating pupae become 

 brown later on; fastened with anal end at the stem of the food-plant (AssMUs). The butterflies in May 

 and again in August, in most districts singly but common, flying on broad forest roads and grassy borders of^ 

 fields. Their flight is rather clumsy and very low, the insects usually keeping quite close to the ground 

 and frequently visiting Potentilla, Ranunculus and Trefoil. In the high mountains the species is one 

 of the commonest on damp places on roads. 



L. cyllarus Bolt. (= damoetas Schiff.) (82 f). ^ above light cyaneous blue with a violet sheen cijUarns. 

 and narrow black border; ? darker blue with the black border gradually shading off, so that it occupies 

 nearly the whole outer half of the wings. Beneath silver-grey (cJ) or ashy grey (?), the forewing with 

 5 or 6 large rounded black spots, the hindwing with small ocelli and in its whole basal half with metallic 

 blue-green dusting. In ab. ditnus -B//.s/r. the ocelli of the forewing beneath are reduced to 4; on the other dimuK. 

 hand, they may also be increased in number, or may be elongate (= suhtus-radiata Oberih.). In European 

 Turkey and the neighbouring districts of Anterior Asia the ocelli of the forewing appear to be constantly 

 or at' least commonly enlarged, the blue also being darker; this is ab. tristis T^er/i. Throughout CentraUns^s. 

 and Southern Europe, North Africa and North Asia to the Amur; absent from England and Japan. — 

 ab. andereggii Riihl (82 g) occurs in the Alps (perhaps also elsewhere); it is a large ?-form which is above andercQoii. 

 entirely black-brown, the underside being dark ashy grey, with the very large ocelli placed in pale rings.— 

 blachieri Mill. (82 g) is a very small form from Southern France and the Yalais which has beneath only blachieri. 

 4 ocelli on the forewing and very scanty blue-green dusting at the base of the hindwing; above darker 

 and duller blue. — coelestina Mill, nee "Ev. (82 g) is similar to the preceding form; above very dull in coeledina. 

 colour, underside with blue-green scaling only in the basal half, the ocelli of the forewing reduced in size, 

 those of the hindwing almost obsolete. — lugens Car. (82 g) has altogether lost the ocelh ^f the hindwing; Iwjen^^. 

 the ^ is darker blue above, the ? being entirely black-brown almost like the ? of semiargus without any 

 blue; the blue-green scaling on the hindwing beneath is entirely absent or nearly. — aeruginosa Stgr., aeruijiiium. 

 from South Russia, Asia "Sl'mov (especially the Lebanon) into Central Asia, has the hindwing beneath 

 entirely dusted with blue-green. — iaetifica Pung., from the Hi R., has similar underside, but the blue laeiifica. 

 of the upperside is purer and more brillant in both sexes; the club of the antenna has a different shape 

 (being more elongate) and is reddish yellow on the innerside, so that Pungeler regarded laeiifiva as being 

 perhaps a distinct species. — Larva green or brownish, with reddish brown dorsal line accompanied by 

 dark oblique parallel stripes which stand close together; head black. In June and the autumn on Cytisus, 

 Genista, Astragalus, Melilotus, etc. Pupa greyish brown. North of the Alps, where occurs only one brood, 



