338 HESPERIA. By P. Mabilt.e. 



wings black; the median band of the fore-wing consists of only two spots, the huiiile at the apex of the 

 cell is absent, so that the disc bears only three white dots and a diffuse smear in interspace 2. The dots 

 of the hindwing are reduced, obsolescent. The underside of both wings almost normal, but the centre of 

 the forewing is nearly black, the white spots of the hindwing on the contrary broader and all very sharply- 

 iiomas. developed. — nomas Led. (85 f) resembles name-typical specimens above; the underside of the hind-n-ing, 

 however, is uniformly white, without markings. South Eussia, Asia Minor, Altai and West China. 



protheon. H. protheon Bambr. (85 f). Five apical dots: all the spots of the upperside distinct. Hindwing 



beneath light brown; subterminal band composed of distinctly separated spots. The white spot between 

 veins 3 and 4 less projecting than the cell-spot situated above it. South Russia. 



gigas. H. gigas Brem. (85 f). Upperside of the wings blackish grey. Size considerable, 48 to 50 mm. 



Ground of wings black. The white spots small. $ black, with the spots small and but little numerous. The 

 minor, hindwing black, ab. minor ab. noc. has only the size of iessellum and all the spots well developed. From 

 Amurland. 



C. Males with a costal fold; hindtibia with bru^ih of hair. 



a) The white discocelhdar spot of the hindwing beneath straight and without a projection towards 

 the base. 



melotis. H. melotis Dup. (= hypoleucus Led.) (85 g). The underside very characteristic, the markings and 



spots of the hindwing being united to form a unifornt white area. From Syria and the island of Milo. 



carthami. H. carthami Hbn. (= malvae Esp., tessellum O.) (85 g). ^Markings and spots of the underside of 



the hindwing strongly contrasting -ssath the brownish ground. Along the distal margin there is a con- 

 tinuous white band. Central Europe as far north as St. Petersbourg, and Western Asia; apparently 

 moesMeri. absent from Greece and Italy. — moeschleri Herr.-Sch.. from South Eussia and Hungary, is somewhat 

 larger than name-typical carthami. with the ground-colour light ashy grey; the spots of the forewing are 

 valesina. large and tlie two rows of spots on the hindwing distinct. — valesina Mah. (= valesiaca Biihl) (85 i), 

 from the Valais and Tyrol, has the spots of the forewing less numerous, the hindwing above being com- 

 pletely devoid of spots. — Larva on Malva and Althaea. The .butterflies in ]May and June and again 

 from July until the autumn, on steppes and dry hills, not everywhere, but jilentiful in most districts. 



speijeri. H. Speyeri .S/^r. (85 g). On both sides darker than the preceding, the spots of the forewing above 



smaller; the first spot of the median band of the hindwing beneath, situated in interspace 6, is absent, 

 being sometimes represented by an indistinct smear. Otherwise similar to serrutidae. Amurland, Ussuri, 

 seitzL and Dauria. — In seitzi fort}i. noc. (85 g). of which 1 have a $ from Sajan, the upperside of the wings 

 is uniformly black, the forewing bearing an indistinct grey diffuse discocellular halfmoon. Fringes white, 

 interrupted by conspicuous black spots.. On the underside the apex of the wing is dark grey, the centre 

 blackish; a spot in the cell, a discocellular arc, in interspace 10 a streak, further three small apical spots, 

 and six dots forming an oljliijue curved row from interspace 6 to '2; these dots small, white, non-trans- 

 parent. Hindwing olive-black, with three spots at the base, three larger ones close together, situated at 

 the costa and vein 4, moreover a spot in interspace 1 b. Subterminal row of dots as in speyeri, but less 

 prominent. 



serralulae. H. serratulae Bamhr. (85 h). Very close to the preceding, but interspace 6 bears a small white 



spot, this being the first spot of the median band on the underside of the hindwing. The latter beneath 



greenish grey; the two white spots between veins 2 and 4 are absent or reduced to small elongate smears. 



{arasoides. In ab. tarasoides Hofn. the white spots of the upperside are partly confluent. Throughout Europe and 



West and Central Asia, from Sweden to the Mediterranean, and from France to Eastern Siberia, but 



caecus. absent from England. — In caecus Freij (85 h) the spots of the upperside are strongly reduced or may 



major, even be absent. From the higher valleys of the Alps and from the mountains of Hungary. — major Stgr. 



is larger and has the spots larger and purer white; from the slopes of the Taurus Mts., from the Pontus 



alveaides. and Turkestan. — alveoides Stgr. is smaller than true serratulae. with the ground-colour of the wings ashy 



grej'; the wliite spots of the forewing are larger; the hindwing has a median row of white dots; underside 



paler. Appears to be a second brood; in Syria. — Larva, according to Zeller, on Potentilla incana. 



The butterfhes are on the wing in June and July in Central Europe; they are locally abundant, and 



congregate in the Alps at road-side puddles and rills. 



cirsii. H. cirsii Bambr. (85 h). Underside of hindwing blackish brown or reddish; the spots between 



veins 2 and 4 larger and sharply defined; in interspace 1 b near the margin a small oblique row of 2 

 to 4 black dots, which are sometimes confluent. The ground-colour of the wings reddish in the first 

 brood, often brownish in the second. France, Northern Spain. 



