HESPERIA. By P. MABiLLr;. 339 



H. carlinae Eambr. (85 h). Underside of hindwing reddish brown; the white spots between veins 2 carlinae. 

 and 4 much reduced; in interspace 2 a white, usually rounded, spot, which belongs to the subterminal 

 l)and, the latter being otherwise but feebly marked. In the Alps and the mountains of Arragonia. 



H. alveus Hbn. (85 h). Upperside blackish brown to greenish brown: on the forewing a marginal aheus. 

 row of small grey dots, which row is represented on the hindwing by distinct light dots. Hindwing 

 beneath blackish brown to yellowish; the hght median band of the hindwing very broad, extending from 

 veins 4 to 8; the white spots of the marginal band always dentate distally or extended on to the fringes; 

 the discocellular spot preceded costally by tow dots. Central and Southern Europe, eastwards through 

 Asia to the Amur in the north and West China in the south. — iberica Gr.-Grsh. is said to be a form of iberica. 

 alveus; the author himself, however, considered it as belonging to the Eastern species cinarae. It differs 

 in the underside of the hindwing being reddish ochreous. Not known to me in nature. — sifanicusGr.-6V.s/). sifanims. 

 is the name of the race from the Kuku-nor and Western China, which is light above and beneath and 

 has smaller spots. — Larva from April till June, found on Polygala. Pupa hght brown, with a blue 

 bloom. The butterfhes from May until August, usually singly, Init often common in the mountains. 



H. cinarae Eambr. (= cynarae Frr.) (85 i). No marginal row on the forewing, but a very strongly chnirac 

 developed median band on both wings, the spots of the band being large and white. Underside of hind- 

 wing light yellowish green. The white discocellular spot not prolonged forward. South Russia, Bulgaria, 

 Turkey, Asia Elinor; in June. 



b) The whili' discorellular spot mi the underside of the hindwiiii;- prnhinRi'd towards thi' base. 



H. andromedae Wallgr. (85 i). A row of small white dots extends from the costal to the inner ami mmcdrK^. 

 margin across the cell, the row being rarely incomplete. From the mountains of Scandinavia, Lapland, 

 and the Alps of Switzerland and Savoy; from June until August. 



H. cacaliae Bambr. (= alveus Bdv.) (85 ij. Without a row of dots across the cell as in (indro- caraliae. 

 medae, but interspace 2 bears an isolated dot. The white dots of the forewing very small. The hindwing 

 above without dots, beneath yellowish grey, the spots not very distinct. Li the Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees 

 and the Altai, as a rule at considerable altitudes, in July and August. 



H. onopordi Banihr. (? = cirsii Bambr.) (85 i). Spots and dots much more distinct than in tlie annpordi. 

 preceding insects, with which onopordi agrees in size. Underside of hindwing yellowish brown or reddish, 

 the median band washed with yellowish, the terminal row of dots absent. South France, Spain, llorocco 

 and Algeria. 



H. centaureae Bamlir. (86 a). Likewise large, dark, with very distinct white dots and spots; ; mi /a»rme. 

 Underside of hindwing dark In-own or blackish with a greenish tint. The In-own band which forms the 

 outer border of the white band, bears spots and forms the inner border of a white terminal band, which 

 appears divided by a row of strong brown dots so that there are two white bands beyond the median 

 band. Scandinavia, Finland, the Altai; also in North America; in June and July. 



H. conyzae Guen. (86a). Smaller than the previous; the hindwing beneath as before, but the conyzac 

 brown bands stronger, so that the narrow white marginal band is reduced, sometimes even obsolete. 

 Switzerland. 



H. malvae L. (= alveolus 0.) (86 a). Likewise a smaller species. The terminal row of white dots malvae. 

 developed, at least on the hindwing. Underside of hindwing reddish, with distinct white dots, those of 

 the subterminal band being rounded. Veins bordered with yellowish white or white. In ali. taras Bergstr. taras. 

 (86 a) the white spots of the forewing are united to form bands; occurs singly among ordinary specimens. 

 Europe, Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the Amur; ^Mongolia. — Larva yellowish grey, minutely 

 dotted -^vith greenish, the dots bearing short thin hairs, dorsal line darker, spiracles yellowish; in June and 

 October on Potentilla, Dipsacus, Strawberry, Raspberry, and other plants. The butterflies are on the 

 wing in April and May and again from the end of July onwards, on sunny slopes, roads among fields 

 and clearings in woods, being common everywhere in Central Europe. 



H. fritillutn Hbn. (86 a). Very close to the preceding species, but the underside of the hindwing fritillum. 

 dark red, the row of terminal dots obsolete with the exception of a feeble dot each in interspaces 1 b 

 and 2. This form, which is sunk as a species in all catalogues, appears to be essentially different from 

 malvae. It occurs only in Spain. 



H. malvoides Ehr. Markings as in malvae; tergite of anal segment {^) with a tooth on each side, malroides. 

 Spain, South France. 



H. bieti Oberth. (86 b). Underside of hindwing with a well marked white macular band, proximally hieti. 

 to which there is a broad irregular brown band shaped like an Y: without dark submarginal band on 

 the hindwing beneath. West China and North-East Tibet, very abundant, in May and June. 



