22 J. E. L. JOHNSTON. 



and two cows were sick, and I took films from these and other cattle, but 

 with negative results. I could get no history of any serious cattle-disease in 

 the neighbourhood. 



Bugai is a small village below a high hill of solid rock, out of which a small spring 

 emerges some half-way up. There is a stream close by, with dense kurmi. For many 

 miles round the bush is very low and sparse, interspersed with high rocky hills and 

 many small streams, which after heavy rains might be suitable for Glossina, though I 

 failed to see or to obtain history of any. Bugai is a purely pagan village, and keeps 

 neither cattle nor horses. 



Togachi. 



On the 17th I moved to Kurmin Kaduna, on the banks of the Kiver Kaduna. Near 

 the village of Togachi I visited a herd of cattle (herd 5) that had been there for two or 

 three months, originally coming from far south. There was a history of a very fatal 

 sickness occurring during the dry weather only, consisting apparently of a swelling 

 of the nose and face, the cattle being described by the natives as " sick in the nose.'* 

 Most of the cattle showed signs of the treatment, which consisted in cutting and 

 removing a large amount of skin and subcutaneous tissues over the nasal bones. This 

 herd was quite savage, and 1 could only obtain six films, of which one was infected 

 with trypanosomes. 



Kurmin Kaduna. 



The country on the way from Bugai to Kurmin Kaduna is similar to that between 

 Kudemsa and Bugai — many small rocky hills, and hence many small, nearly dried-up 

 streams — but asone approaches Kurmin Kaduna and the River Kaduna the country 

 becomes flatter and the bush thicker. 



I saw no tsetse, although stopping with the horses (which attract tsetse readily) 

 for about two hours on the bank of the river. There were no horses or cattle at 

 Kurmin Kaduna ; I heard that two horses had died there last year. 



Riga Chil(un. 



On the way to Riga Chikun one passes through a good deal of thicker bush than is 

 usual, and some low swampy ground, and crosses two small streams, tributaries of 

 the River Kaduna. The second of these, the River Kworo, running about a mile 

 from the town, is of particular interest in that Dr. Foy reports that in September 1913 

 Glossina (both palpaUs and tachinoides) were to be found there in abundance. At 

 that time the Kworo was some four feet deep ; when I visited it the average depth 

 was barely six inches, and although I spent some hours on its banlcs, on a day very 

 favourable for flies, I found no tsetse. 



The Sariki (or Headman) of the town told me that some cattle that had come from 

 Kano last year had brought infection with them, and that he had lost many of his 

 cattle, but that the disease had died out. It is obvious that though there may have 

 been no Glossina when I was there, the conditions may be very favourable for them 

 after a wetter season. Of nineteen cattle examined from two herds (nos. 6 and 7), 

 east and west of the railway line, two showed trypanosomes and three 

 piroplasmata. 



