AN ENTOMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF KADUNA DISTRICT. 23 



Afaka. 



Going roughly north-west to Afaka the country is much drier and more open than 

 between Kurmin Kaduna and Riga Chikun. There are no large streams, and the few 

 small ones were all but dry. 



I visited three herds of cattle en route. One very large herd (no. 8) had been living 

 here, I was told, for several years, without any history of illness, but I found four out 

 of eight cattle examined infected with trypanosomes, possibly through approaching 

 Riga Chikun and the River Kworo in changing the pasturage. The two other herds 

 (nos. 9 and 10), living several miles further from Riga Chilcun, were free. 



Afaka is surrounded by the customary mud wall and deep ditch, and, as usual, a 

 small stream runs in a curve some half mile from the village. Mosquitos, almost all 

 Culiciomyia nebiilosa, were very troublesome. 



Ubassa. 



On 22nd August I moved on to Ubassa, through the same low thin bush met with 

 on the way to Afaka. I crossed three or four nearly dried-up streams en route, but 

 although I halted at each, I saw no trace of tsetse. 



Ubassa is a small village on a steep hill ; the bush immediately along a stream at 

 the foot is fairly thick. There are no cattle, but the Sariki's horses apparently keep 

 well. The Sariki informed me that Fulani herdsmen, on passing through his district, 

 complained that their cattle were bitten by troublesome flies, but native histories are 

 of doubtful value. Sandflies {Culicoides sp.) were very troublesome in the rest-house 

 and mosquitos were numerous. 



Kadi. 



On the 23rd I w^ent to Kadi, a fairly large Mohammedan village, the route lying 

 across several small streams and some deep ravines, the intervening bush being thin. 



The Sariki told me that he had had a large herd last year, but that after he brought 

 a bull down from Kane every cow died within a few months. Apparently his grazing 

 ground had been close to the stream Rafin Kurmi. This stream is rather unusual i^ 

 being clear and swift, and in having exceptionally deep banks shaded by large forest 

 trees, in addition to the usual low thick bush. By this stream I caught some tsetse- 

 flies for the first time in this tour — two G. poljpalis. 



The Sariki now had three small herds, the positions of which are shown on the sketch- 

 map (nos. 11, 12, 13), all in good health and free from trypanosomes, though no less 

 than nine out of twelve examined showed piroplasmata. "^In another herd a'^few miles 

 away (no. 14) on the River Kachamari two cows had recently died, and a third, which 

 was sick, showed trypanosomes. Of five others examined from this herd, four showed 

 piroplasmata, but none trypanosomes. 



In Kadi itself, mosquitos were very scarce, but Culicoides were numerous and 

 troublesome. 



On the 25th I moved to Ligari, taking blood films from a herd close to the River 

 Kaduna (no. 15). This herd had been here for four months without sickness, aud 

 although I waited with the horses on the banl^ of the river for two hours, I saw no 

 tsetse ; yet out of eight films two showed tr^-panosomes, and six piroplasmata. 



