24 J. E. L. JOHNSTON. 



Ligari. 



Ligari is an almost deserted and utterly dirty pagan village, placed on a small 

 clearing and surroimded by deep ravine-like ditches, dense bush, and high forest trees. 

 The few inhabitants kept no cattle, horses, or sheep. I caught few biting flies and 

 no mosquitos. 



Moving next day to Kakuri, I visited two herds (nos. IG and 17) near the junction 

 of the Eiver Romi with the Kaduna. They had each been here about two and a half 

 months, herd 16 having previously been further down the River Kaduna, opposite 

 Kadi, while herd 17 had come from Godani, a good distance south. Of eight of the 

 former, one showed trypanosomes and four piroplasmata ; of eight of the latter, six 

 had piroplasmata. 



Kakuri. 



Going to Kakuri one met two streams — the second, the River Romi — ^each much 

 swollen by recent rains, and hence very difficult to cross. The bush in this neighbour- 

 hood is very definitely thicker than in the higher-lying distiict round Kaduna, 

 Kudemsa, Bugai and Togachi. 



From Kakuri I went to two herds (nos. 18 and 19) in the narrow angle made by the 

 junction of the Romi and Kaduna. They had each been here about one month, 

 coming from Serikin Pawa, a few stations south on the railway. Of the first, four 

 out of nineteen showed trypanosomes and four piroplasmata ; of the second, one out 

 of nine showed piroplasmata. 



Near Kakuri and near the River Romi, the kurmi is extremely thick, but otlierwise 

 the rough triangle within the Railway, the Romi and the Kaduna, consists of very 

 thin low bush and is practically unbroken by any streams. 



River Kaduna. 



I returned to Kaduna Bridge on 27th August, and three days later proceeded to 

 survey the north bank of the Kaduna more thoroughly, for about ten miles above 

 Kaduna Bridge. The whole of this area is intersected by many small streams, and is 

 comparatively low-lying, and many places were at this time marshy and difficult. 



The most interesting point was the capture of a G. tachinoides. Flies were very 

 prevalent, and I caught over fifty Haeniaiopota (of various species) at this time, which 

 suggests either that this tsetse was a stray fly, having possibly come from the railway, 

 or else, if indigenous, that the number of tsetse breeding here is very small. 



General Remarks. 



During the whole tour, therefore, I only caught three tsetse-flies, one G. tachinoides 

 near the new Kaduna, and two G. polpaJis near Kadi. There can be no doubt however 

 that tsetse do occur elsewhere, especially on the River Kworo near Riga Chikun. 

 After heavy rains the many small streams get much swollen, and tsetse may then 

 readily fly up these streams from the Kaduna, especially the larger streams such 

 as the Kworo or the Romi, retreating again in dry seasons. 



Moreover Stomoxys, especially S. nigra and S. calcitrans, abound, and the role of 

 these flies is not yet fully known. Dr. J. W. Scott Macfie (Ann. Trop. Med. and 

 Paras. 1913, pp. 359-362) has shown that trypanosomes (T. nigeriense) will develop 



