OBSEKVATIONS ON SCALE-INSECTS (COCCIDAE) — III. 345 



Length, 2 -8-3 -2 mm. ; width, 2 -2-2 -4 mm. 



Female adult (denuded). Short ovate or roughly quadrate ; dorsum generally 

 keeled, the sides sloping sharply downwards ; pseudo-margin strongly crenulated 

 or wavy, each depression corresponding to the position of the toothlike appendages ; 

 derm exceedingly dense and hard, surface polished and faintly uneven ; colour 

 piceous, with here and there traces of the closely packed glands showing as yellowish 

 spots. On the ventral surface belotv the crenulated fseudo-margin is the true margin 

 in the form of a prominent ring of chitin upon which the insect rests, and as this is 

 thickened at both extremities it gives the insect a slightly tilted appearance, and 

 also raises the pseudo-marginal appendages, so that the latter present a semi-detached 

 appearance. At gestation the extremely thin ventral derm shrivels, leaving a 

 central hollow, as in certain species of Lecanium and Ceroplastes. Antennae partly 

 atrophied, of (?) six segments, the terminal segment with several short stout hairs. 

 Legs of about the same length as the antennae ; tarsus either equal to or very 

 slightly longer than the tibia. Anal cleft very clearly defined, but fused. Anal 

 lobes small, with the base and outer edge in a continuous curve ; inner 

 edge straight ; a single minute hair in advance of the middle line and 

 a similar one at the apex. Derm glands similar to those in Lecanium (Saissetia) 

 hemisphaericum, but so densely packed as to give the derm, by transmitted light, 

 an imbricated appearance ; glands of the fringe-bearing incrassated body- wall, or 

 pseudo-margin, very long and somewhat tubular in shape ; they are very closely 

 packed together and sniperimposed. Here and there, in the hollows of the undu- 

 lations, one may trace the large cylindrical gland which forms so conspicuous a 

 feature in the earlier stages. Anterior stigmatic clefts strongly pronounced ; no trace 

 of the second pair. 

 Length, slightly smaller than the test. 



Fetnale test, young adult. Bright golden-yellow or amber-yellow ; dorsal area 

 somewhat irregularly granulated, some of the larger granules roughly cube-shaped ; 

 tooth-like process forming the fringe as in the adult, but smaller and uniform in 

 colour with the dorsum. 



Female, young adult. Colour of dry integument pale castaneous or yellowish 

 brown ; eyes piceous. The pseudo or fringe-bearing margin (fig. 2, a) similar to 

 that of the old adult, but not nearly so prominent and the undulations less pronounced ; 

 in each of the hollows of the crenulations is a large cylindrical pore (fig. 2 a^) enclosing 

 a large spinose squama similar to those found in the Diaspinae ; in addition to these 

 the derm is closely packed with longer and larger glands (fig. 2, a„) roughly tubular 

 in form, arranged transversely two to three deep and overlapping each other ; they 

 are, however, irregular in shape and but faintly indicated. Scattered over the ventral 

 surface are a number of minute circular pores. The true margin is furnished with a 

 regular series of closely set spines (fig. 2, a^) and immediately in advance of them 

 minute circular pores, arranged more or less in line with the spines. Derm cells 

 in the non-chitinised portion of the dorsum, just within the margin proper (fig. 2, a), 

 forming an irregular polygonal tessellation. Legs very short, tarsus slightly longer 

 than the tibia. Antennae broken away in the preparations. 



Fefnale (?), second stage. (No test present in either of the two examples examined). 

 Form broadly ovate. Pseudo-margin absent. Anal cleft well defined, but relatively 

 (357) 02 



