COLIMACEA. 47 



Harvey found it near Ballitore, and on sand hills at Miltown 

 Malbay. In short, it seems universally dififused throughout 

 Ireland. 



7. Pupa juniperi, pi. V, f. 9. 



Pupa secale, Drapernaud, p. 64, pi. 3, f. 49, 50 ; PfeifFer, I, 

 p. 55, pi. 3, f. 14; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 353; Ross- 

 massler, Icon., p. 82, pi. 2, f. 35 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., 



11, p. Ill; Turbo Jwiiperi, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 340, pi. 



12, f. 12; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 457; Turton, 

 Brit. Fau., p. 185; Abida secale, Leach, Moll., p. 165; Vertigo 

 secale, Turton, Man., p. 101, pi. 7, f. 81 ; Chondrus secale, a, 

 Hartmann, p. 218, No. 20 ; Sturm, VI, p. 7, pi. 4 ; Torquilla 

 secale, Studer, Catal., p. 19; Cochlodmita secale, Ferussac, 

 Prod., p. 64; Pupa juniperi, Brown, lUust. Conch., p. 40, pi. 

 14, f. 1; lb., First Ed., pi. 41, f. 1. 



Shell subcylindrical ; body not quite a third of the length of 

 the shell ; spire consisting of seven or eight somewhat inflated, 

 but narrow volutions, well defined by the sutural line, the four 

 apicial ones tapering rather abruptly, and terminating in a 

 blunted apex ; aperture somewhat square above and rounded 

 below, and provided with seven or eight laminar teeth, two of 

 which are placed on the pillar lip, three on the base of the 

 body, the central one situate far back, and that next the outside 

 long, sharp, standing obliquely inwards, and obtruding in front 

 of the others, and three on the outer lip, the central one 

 largest, and the lower one deeply seated ; all the teeth of the 

 outer lip are visible externally, shining through in the form of 

 three pale, slightly spiral bands ; outer lip white, acute, broad 

 below, with a slight wave or sinus above, and reflected ; pillar 

 lip continuous with the outer one, and reflected, with an um- 

 bilicus behind ; whole surface subopaque, of a dull grayish- 

 brown colour, and covered with very fine, regular, longitudinally 

 oblique striae. Length upwards of a quarter of an inch ; dia- 

 meter equal to about a third of its length. 



This species lives chiefly in districts where the chalk or 

 Oolitic rocks prevail, its habitat being the roots of trees, and 

 under stones, in dry situations. 



In the young condition the shell has an earthy covering, and 

 in this state is the Helix ventricosa of Miiller. 



