a 
INvoLUTE.] | 
inch, breadth about an eighth; colour pale chestnut brown. We found this off 
St Abb’s Head, Frith of Forth.—In our own Cabinet. 
13. F. crassus, pl. V, f. 8-9.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 8-9. 
Shell thick, strong, smooth, fusiform ; spire consisting of five volutions, abruptly 
tapering to rather an obtuse apex; with ten nearly straight, smooth, longitudinal, 
white ribs, which do not reach the base in front; body and spire nearly of equal 
length; aperture elongated, radiform, much narrowed both above and below ; outer 
lip plain, inner lip slightly reflected on the columella; colour white, with a very broad 
dark chestnut spiral belt, girdling the centre of the body, and extending to the apex, 
at the base of the volutions, Length nearly half an inch, breadth not half its length. 
We found this species at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh.—In Lady Jardine’s Cabinet. 
14. £. attenuatus, pl. V, f. 37-38.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 37-38; Montagu, 
p. 266, pl. 9, f. 6. 
Shell very fusiform, slender, consisting of eight volutions; spire as long as the 
body, tapering very abruptly to a fine point; the volutions well defined by the suture ; 
with nine equidistant, strong, elevated, smooth, longitudinal arcuated ribs, rising in 
the middle of each volution; lower part of the body much attenuated ; aperture nar- 
row, considerably contracted at the canal, which is long and straight; outer lip 
thickened at the back by a rib; inner lip plain; colour pale yellowish white. 
Length half an inch, breadth little more than an eighth. Found in sand at Fal- 
mouth Harbour, Biddeford Bay, South Wales, and at Dunbar. 
15. EF. gracilis, pl. V, f. 16-17.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 16-17; Murex gracilis ; 
Montagu, p. 267, pl. 15, f. 5; Murex emarginatus ; Donovan, pl. 169, f. 2. 
Shell fusiform, slender ; body and spire of equal length, tapering to a fine point; 
volutions ten, with eleven or twelve rather close, longitudinal, convexly arcuated 
ribs, which do not continue throughout the shell, but are separated at the suture of 
the spire by a flat space, at which point the strie are uninterruptedly continued 
spirally throughout the shell; the whole shell crossed by numerous strie ; the ribs do 
not extend to the base of the body, where the striz are stronger and more distant; 
canal moderately long, ascending; outer lip a little spread, margin arcuated; inner 
lip very slightly thickened; colour purplish brown. Length seven-eighths of an 
inch, breadth two-eighths. Found in Biddeford Bay, Devonshire, at Tenby, Wales, 
and in Dublin Bay. 
16. I. nebula, pl. V, f. 10.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 10; M. nebula ; Montagu, 
p- 267, pl. 15, f. 6; Murex acuminatus ; Pennant, 1V, pl. 79. 
Shell with taper, costated volutions, terminating in a sharp pointed apex; longi- 
tudinally and spirally striate, giving it a reticulated appearance as if covered with 
gauze; volutions rather depressed, scarcely elevated above the ribs; the suture very 
fine; aperture narrow, oblong-oval, the canal turning a little to the one side; outer 
lip sharp ; inner lip replicate, smooth, glossy; colour various, sometimes yellowish 
white, at others pale brownish, purplish, or rufous; but the most beautiful variety 
is of a bluish colour, with the decussated strie white. Length half an inch, breadth 
two-tenths. Found at Falmouth, the south coast of Devonshire, particularly at 
Biddeford Bay, Tenby, and Laugharne, Wales, Portmarnock, and Dublin Bay, 
Ireland. 
17. F. septangularis, pl. V, f. 11.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 11. 
Shell with seven or eight taper, longitudinally ribbed, strong volutions, termin- 
ating in an acute apex; the ribs are seven in number, running from the base to the 
tip of the spire, scarcely interrupted by the suture; the intermediate spaces are but 
moderately concave, which gives the shella heptagonal appearance ; aperture oblong- 
oval, ending in a short canal; outer, lip sharp at the edge, thickened at the back by 
a ridge, the upper part contracted to an angle, where the margin is a little indented; 
pillar lip somewhat replicated ; colour purplish brown, and somewhat glossy. Found 
at Falmouth, Salcomb Bay, Weymouth, and the south coast of Devonshire. 
18. F. accinctus, pl. V,f. 14-15.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 14-15; Murex accinctus ; 
Montagu, Sup. p. 114. 
Shell taper, with six or seven costated volutions ; the ribs are slightly angulated, or 
more elevated in the middle of each volution, with fine spiral strie ; aperture oblong ; 
eanal short ; lip entire at the upper angle; colour yellowish white, with an obsolete 
brown band in the middle of the body, which continues up the spire of the shell, at 
the base of each volution; this band, when examined with a lens, is observed to 
he constituted of four or five contiguous thread-like lines of a brown colour, in the 
depressions between the strie. Length four lines; breadth one line. Found in 
the Frith of Forth by Captain Laskey. 
19. F. rufus, pl. V, f. 47-48.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 47-48; Murex rufus ; 
Montagu, p. 263. Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 144. 
Shell taper, fusiform ; spire consisting of five volutions ; fifteen or sixteen longitu- 
dinal ribs extend from the base to the apex, the whole shell covered with very fine 
spiral strie ; aperture narrow, oblong, terminating in a short canal; outer lip smooth, 
rarely thickened by a rib; pillar lip smooth, covered by the ribs; colour pale ru- 
fous brown, sometimes chestnut. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one- 
eighth. Found at Sandwich, Biddeford Bay, Devonshire, Dorsetshire, coast of 
Wales, and Portmarnock, Ireland. 
20. #. proximus, pl. V, f. 34.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 34. 
pl. 30, f. 8. 
Shell thick, white, with six strongly costated volutions ; apex moderately pointed ; 
aperture ovate-oblong ; outer lip remarkably broad, and reflexed; the canal short, 
and rather spreading at the end. Length nearly half an inch. 
Montagu, Sup. p. 118, 
MOLLUSCA. 7 
This figure and description are taken from Montagu, who says, ‘ This shell might 
readily be mistaken for an extraordinary growtn of Murex (Fusus) costatus, but it 
differs materially from that species in the number of ribs, being possessed of eleven on 
the body or lower volution, whereas the costatus never has more than eight, and 
usually only seven, and these are broader.” Found by Captain Laskey, on Tyning- 
ham Sands, near Dunbar. 
We have not been able to identify this with any of the species met with in the 
Frith of Forth; it differs from them all in the shortness of the aperture, in propor- 
tion to the length of the body; inthis respect the nearest approach to it is the fol- 
lowing :— 
21. F. albus, pl. V, f. 61-62.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 61-62. 
Shell white, fusiform; spire consisting of five abruptly tapering volutions, with ten 
longitudinal smooth ribs; the interstices with very fine, close-set spiral strie ; apex 
smooth; aperture oblong, terminating in a very short canal; outer lip thickened, 
smooth; pillar lip smooth. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth about an 
eighth. Found at Dunbar by General Bingham. 
22. F. purpureus, pl. V, f. 25.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 25; Murex purpureus ; 
Montagu, p. 260, pl. 9, f. 3; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 148. 
Shell strong, very rugose ; spire with eight or nine rounded volutions, tapering to 
an extremely fine sharp point; nineteen or twenty longitudinal, somewhat oblique 
ribs, traverse the shell, crossed by numerous sharp elevated ridges, which rise into 
angles upon the ribs, producing sharp protruding knobs, giving the shell a cancellated 
appearance, and feeling very rough to the touch; aperture narrow, oval, terminating 
in a strait canal ; outer lip thin, exteriorly tuberculate, internally striate, and cren- 
ated; columella destitute of ribs, obliquely striated transversely, and slightly tuber- 
culate; inside purple, marked by the ribs; generally of a deep purple or brownish 
purple. Length five-eighths of an inch; breadth a quarter of an inch. Found at 
Salcomb, Devonshire, Tenby, Wales, and Portmarnock, Ireland. 
This is one of the most elegant of our British univalves. 
23. F. punctatus. pl. V, f. 56-57.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 56-57. 
Shell fusiform, strong, thick, somewhat turreted ; spire with five slightly defined 
volutions ; body long ; the whole shell covered with many regular series of square 
and deep punctures, like those of a thimble; external surface smooth, yellowish 
white; aperture oblong-ovate, acute above, ending in a very short canal interiorly 
punctated; outer lip thickened, slightly tuberculate on its edge; pillar lip punctated 
like the rest of the shell’ Length nearly three-cighths of an inch; breadth an 
eighth and a half. We found this pretty shell at Holy Island, coast of Northum- 
berland.—In Lady Jardine’s Cabinet. 
24. F. subnigris, pl. V, f. 58-59.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 58-59. 
Shell fusiform, spire consisting of five well defined volutions, abruptly tapering to 
a point, and terminating in an obtuse apex; ten thick longitudinal ribs trayerse the 
whole shell, crossed by strong distant strix, producing a cancellated appearance ; 
aperture ovate, ending in a very short canal; outer lip smooth, thickened; base of 
eclumella smooth ; colour very dark reddish brown, approaching to black in 
some specimens. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth about an eighth of an 
inch. We first discovered this species at St Cyrus, Kincardineshire; and it was 
subsequently sent to us by our late friend General Bingham, who found it plentifully 
on Fuci, at Penzance, Cornwall. 
25. F. turriculus, pl. V, f. 51-52.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 51-52. 
p- 262, pi. 9, f. 5; Maton and “tacket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 144. 
Shell fusiform, turreted; spire occupying about a third of the shell, with six or 
seven volutions, terminating in an acute apex; volutions strongly defined, flattened 
or cylindrical, rising above each other perpendicularly, the top of each being almost 
quite flat, the whole shell covered with numerous, rather thin, longitudinal ribs, 
which suddenly decline towards the suture, on the depressed top of each volution, 
the interstices with very fine close-set spiral stri#; body sub-cylindrical, abruptly 
acuminate beneath; aperture oblong-ovate, terminating in a rather long, somewhat 
oblique broad canal; outer lip thin, sometimes thickened by a rib a little angulated 
towards the top, produced by the spiral depression; inner lip smooth, glossy, and 
white, very broadly reflected on the columella; colour cream white. Length three 
quarters of an inch; breadth rather more than a quarter. Found at Sandwich, 
Kent ; Biddeford Bay, Devonshire ; Tenby and Laugharne, Wales; Frith of Forth, 
and Portmarnock, Ireland. 
26. F. decussatus, pl. V, f. 53 and 55.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 53 and 55. 
Shell fusiform ; spire short, consisting of five well rounded abruptly tapering vo- 
lutions, separated by a deep suture, and little more than a third the length of the 
body ; twelve strong longitudinal ribs cover the shell from the venter to the apex, 
crossed by distant strong spiral stri#, giving the shell a cancellated appearance ; 
body abruptly acuminate beneath ; aperture sub-ovate, terminating in a very long 
narrow and pointed canal, equal in length to the body, the opening in front being 
very strait; outer lip somewhat thickened and entire. and continuous along the co- 
lumella, on which it is narrowly reflected; colour cream white. Length one inch 
five-cighths; breadth an inch. We found this shell at Killough, county of Down, 
Treland. 
27. F. Bamffus, pl. VI, f. 1 and 4.—First Ed., pl. 47, f. 1 and 4; Murex 
Bamffius ; Montagu, Sup. p.117; Donovan, V, pl. 169, f.2; Maton and Racket, 
Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 149. 
Shell fusiform, spire consisting of six well-defined, ventricose, and abruptly taper- 
Very rare. 
Montagu, 
