8 MOLLUSCA. 
ing volutions; with about sixteen longitudinal sharp, somewhat oblique, elevated 
ribs, covering the whole shell; aperture oblong, terminating in a rather lengthened, 
Slightly twisted, canal; outer lip white, a little reflected, entire, and continuous ; 
inner lip white, broadly reflected on the columella; colour cream white, yellowish, or 
flesh-colour; the inside in some specimens of a beautiful rosy hue; length five-eighths 
of an inch. Found at Banff, and is not uncommon in the Frith of Forth, adhering 
to Fuci. 
Young shells are covered with a fine yellowish brown epidermis. 
28. F. asperrimus, pi. V1, f. 2.—First Ed., pl. 47, f. 2; Leach’s MS. 
Shell turreted; spire with seven abruptly tapering volutions, deeply divided by 
the suture; apex acute; with thirteen strong longitudinal ribs, crossed by sharp, 
elevated, wide-set, transverse strie, giving the shell a cancellated appearance, and 
where the strie cross the ribs, they produce sharp protruding knobs; aperture ob- 
long-ovate, ending in a long slightly twisted, nearly closed, canal; outer lip sharp at 
the edge, but thickened behind, by a tuberculate rib ; columella smooth and oblique- 
ly striate; colour yellowish-white; length half an inch, breadth not quite a quarter. 
Found on the Dorsetshire coast, by Mr Prideaux, and in the Cabinet of Dr Leach, 
British Museum. 
29. F. elegans, pl. V1, f. 3.—First Ed., pl. 47, f. 35 Leach’s MS. 
Shell strong, fusiform; spire with eight volutions, divided by a narrow, elevated 
belt, tapering to an acute point, and nearly equal in length to the body; with twelve 
broad, depressed, longitudinal, somewhat oblique ribs; crossed by fine, thick-set, 
brown lines, giving it the appearance of being striated; body abruptly acuminate; 
aperture oblong-ovate, terminating in a wide, spreading, straight canal of medium 
length ; outer lip strong, slightly reflected, and rising somewhat abruptly from the 
body above ; inner lip white, narrow, and transversely lineated below; colour pale 
fawn, with a transverse burnt sienna-coloured band, on the body, parallel with the 
upper margin of the aperture. Length half an inch; breadth not a quarter. Found 
on the Devonshire coast, and in the Cabinet of Dr Leach, British Museum. 
30. F. antiquus, pl. VI, f. 8.—First Ed., pl. 47, f. 8; Lamarck. VII, p. 125, 
No. 11; Murex antiquus ; Brown in Ency. Brit. VI, p. 488; Murex despectus ; 
Montagu, p. 256; Donovan, IV, pl. 119; Pennant, IV, No. 78. 
Shell strong ; spire short, consisting of seven or eight ventricose, well defined 
volutions, abruptly tapering to a sharp apex; body large, acuminate beneath; the 
whole shell with numerous somewhat undulating spiral stria. crossed by faint, nearly 
obsolete, longitudinal strie, or lines of growth; beak with strong pleats behind ; 
aperture sub-oval, ending in a canal of medium length; outer lip plain, entire, 
smooth, and slightly refiected in perfect specimens; pillar lip broadly reflected on 
the columella; colour yellowish-white, pale fawn, ferruginous, or grayish-brown ; 
inside white in some specimens, and yellow-orange in others. Length varying from 
four to five inches. 
The magnificent specimen from which we drew our figure was taken, in deep 
water, in the British Channel, off Liverpool, by William Nicol, Esq. Edinburgh, and 
is in his Cabinet ; it measures six inches and three-eighths in length. 
This shell is found on most of the British coasts, in deep water. It is also abun- 
dant in the sea around Treland. 
This species varies much in its proportions in different localities. Those of the 
German Ocean, and whole eastern line of the British coasts, are longer and nar- 
rower than those of the Irish Channel, and western coasts of Scotland, the body of 
the latter being larger in proportion to the length of the spire, and also much 
broader. We give the following measurements, which will be found to represent 
their prevailing proportional dimensions. The specimen from which we figured our 
illustration, from the Irish Channel, was in length 64 inches; breadth 333; length of 
aperture from the hase of the canal 44; width from the pillar lip to the outer lip 
13; length of lower volution of spire from the top of the aperture 12; of the re- 
maining volutions 13; breadth of the body 3 inches. A specimen from Hartlepool, 
county of Durham, length 6% inches; breadth 33; length of aperture 33 ; breadth 
of do. 13; length of lower volution of the spire 7; from lower volution to the top 
of spire 2} inches. 
31. F. TLurtoni, pl. VII, f. 1; Bean in Loudon’s Journal, V1, p. 493, f. 61. 
Shell fusiform ; spire consisting of eight well defined, acuminate, abruptly tapering 
yolutions ; covered with slightly elevated spiral lines, broader than the intervening 
spaces, and crossed by numerous longitudinal lines of growth; the volutions are a 
little tumid in the middle, from which they gradually slope to the suture; aperture 
ovate, nearly the same length as the spire, terminating in a very short and wide 
canal; outer lip a little dilated, and very thick ; inner lip smooth, g'ossy, and broad- 
ly reflected on the columella; colour white, covered with a brown epidermis; inside 
pale violet. Length four inches and a half; breadth about two inches. Found 
among the rejectamenta of a fishing-boat at Scarborough, by William Bean, Esq. 
and in his Cabinet. A represents the operculum. 
This shell has much the aspect of F. antiquus, and is probably only an elongated 
lusus of that species. 
32. F. carinatus, pl. VI, f. 10 and 13.—First Ed., pl. 47, f. 10 and 13; La- 
marek, VII, p. 126, No. 13; Murex carinatus ; Pennant, 1V, pl. 77, f. 96; Do- 
novan, IV, pl. 109; Murex antiquus ; Montagu, p. 559. 
Shell strong; spire turreted, consisting of seven volutions, the centre of each 
rising into a strong, undulated, carinated ridge, and all deeply divided by the 
suture; body and spire with wide, undulating, depressed, longitudinal ribs; crossed 
(TracHEipopa. 
by waved, spiral strie; aperture oval, terminating in a long canal; outer lip even 
except where the ridges terminate; inner lip smooth; inside livid white; external 
colour pale brown. Length three inches and a half. 
Figs. 31, 32, and 33, are supposed by Captain Laskey to be the young of this 
shell. He says he found it on the coast near Dunbar. We do not think that it agrees 
with the F. carinatus. 
Said to be found in Scotland, but we consider this very doubtful as a British 
species. 
33. F. corneus, pl. VI, f. 7 and 9.—First Ed., pl. 47, f. 7 and 9; Murex cor- 
neus ; Montagu, p. 258; Donovan, II, pl. 38; Pennant, IV, pl. 76, f. 99. 
Shell strong, fusiform ; spire consisting of seven tapering, well defined volutions ; 
with distant spiral stria, and slightly wrinkled longitudinally ; aperture oblong-oval, 
terminating in a long somewhat oblique canal; with a few transverse wrinkles at the 
point of the beak behind ; outer lip smooth; inner lip broadly reflected on the colu- 
mella; live shells are usually covered with a brown epidermis, beneath which they 
are white. Length three inches; breadth one inch and a quarter. 
Figs. 11 and 12 represent a variety, with the spire, body, and canal shorter; the 
whole shell of greater proportional breadth than usual, and with the striae much 
closer and more regular ; measuring two inches and an eighth in length, and an inch 
in breadth. It was found at Seaton, Northumberland, by Walter C. Trevelyan, 
Esq. and is in the Cabinet of Sir John Trevelyan, Bart. at Wallington. 
The J’. corneus is plentiful on the Northumberland and Yorkshire coasts, Essex. 
the Irish sea, and Frith of Forth. 
34. F. gyrinus, pl. V, f. 12-13.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 12-13; Montagu, Sup. 
p- 170; Martini, IV, pl. 128, f. 1231-1232. 
Shell strong, short, conic, considerably tumid; spire consisting of three volutions. 
each covered with three rows of tubercles; on the body there are eight rows of tu- 
bercles; colour dark chestnut brown. Length scarcely a quarter of an inch ; breadth 
one-eighth. Found at Nun’s Island by Captain Laskey. 
35. F. minutus, pl. V, f. 18 and 24.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 18 and 24. 
Shell sub-fusiform ; spire short, consisting of five short, rounded, and deeply di- 
vided volutions, terminating in an obtuse apex ; body nearly four times the length of 
the spire in front, obliquely depressed above, from whence it tapers to its base; the 
body and two lower volutions of the spire provided with fourteen longitudinal, strong 
ribs, which suddenly decline towards the suture; those of the body are thickest at 
top, and gradually become thinner as they descend to the base behind, but only reach 
the venter or middle of the aperture in front; the whole shell covered with very 
fine spiral strie ; aperture oblong, ending in a short wide canal; outer lip thin, 
smooth, continuous, abruptly rising from the body above ; inner lip slightly reflected 
on the columella; colour pale chestnut, with a broad, reddish brown, transverse 
band on the centre of the body, the depression on the upper part of the body, and the 
top and bottom of each volution with a fillet of the same colour. We discovered this 
species in Lough Strangford, Ireland.—It is in Lady Jardine’s Cabinet. 
Genus 13.—PLEuRoTOMA.— Lamarck. 
Shell turreted or fusiform, terminated below by a straight canal, 
more or less long; aperture with a fissure or notch at the upper 
part. 
1. P. sinuosa, pl. V, f. 40.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 40; Murex sinuosus ; p. 264, 
pl. 9, f. 8; Maton and Racket, in Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 143. 
Shell strong, thick, white; six longitudinal, slightly raised volutions, tapering to 
a fine point; with seven strong, elevated, arcuated ribs, which do not quite extend 
to the upper part of the volutions, m each, separated only by a fine thread-like line ; 
the whole shell finely and regularly spirally striated, less conspicuous on the ribs, but 
well defined in the interstices between them; aperture oblong-oval, narrow ; canal 
short, greatly contracted; outer lip smooth, slightly thickened by a rib, and with a 
deep sinus at its upper angle; pillar lip replicated on the columella. Length three 
quarters of an inch; breadth a quarter. Found at Weymouth. Very rare. 
2. P. reticulata, pl. V, f. 29-30.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 29-30. 
Shell sub-fusiform; spire turreted, consisting of four deeply defined volutions, 
abruptly tapering to a sharp apex; with from fourteen to eighteen longitudinal, 
close-set ribs, extending from the apex to the venter in front, but to nearly the base 
in rear; whole shell crossed by strong spiral striz, giving it a reticulated appear- 
ance; aperture oblong, narrowed at each extremity, and ending in a very short canal ; 
outer lip sharp at the margin, slightly inflected, and with a sinus at its upper angle ; 
pillar lip smooth; inner hp rather broadly refiected on the columella; colour pale 
brown, Length a quarter of an inch; breadth an eighth. Found at Greenock, by 
Stewart Ker, Esq. 
Genus 14.—Ceritu1um.—Bruguiere. 
Shell turreted; aperture oblong, oblique, terminated at the base 
by a short, truncated, recurved canal, without a notch; the outer 
lip with a groove at its upper extremity ; aperture provided with a 
horny operculum. 
a 
