INVOLUTE. | 
Subdivision I.—Volulions dextral. 
1. C. costatum, pl. V, f. 26.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 26; Strombus costatus ; 
Montagu, p. 255; Maton and Racket, in Linn. Trans., VIII, p- 142; Donovan, 
pl. 94; Cerithium costatum ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 357. 
Shell slender, tapering from the base to the apex; having ten or eleven volutions 
provided with numerous fine, close-set ribs; an elevated spiral line separating the 
volutions, and becoming double at the base of the shell, and lost in the upper part ; 
aperture suborbicular ; outer lip a little expanded; inner Jip smooth, ending in a 
sub-canal; colour dark reddish brown, or deep chestnut. Length rather less than 
half an inch. Found on the coast of Cornwall, and Milton Sands, Devonshire. 
Rare. 
2. C. minutum, pl. V, f. 27.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 27; Strombus turboformis ; 
Montagu, Sup. p. 110, pl. 30, f.7; Cerithium turbiforme ; Fleming, Brit. An., 
p- 357. 
Shell slender; with seven flattened, ribbed, well defined volutions, tapering from 
the base to the apex, which is obtuse ; base smooth; aperture suborbicular, ending 
_ in a very short canal; outer lip a little thickened at the margin; colour pale rufous 
Length rather more than a quarter of an inch, breadth 
Found on the shores of Nun’s Island in the He- 
brown; mouth nearly white. 
at the base one-third its length. 
brides, by Captain Laskey. 
This is not the young of C. costatum. 
3. C. tuberculatum.— Murex tubercularis.— Montagu, p. 270; and Sup. p. 
116; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p- 150; Terebra tubercularis ; Flem- 
ing, Brit. An., p. 346. 
Shell with nine or ten volutions, tapering from the base to a pointed apex, sepa- 
rated only by a slight depression, each volution provided with three rows of equal- 
sized tubercles; aperture small, oval, ending in a canal, somewhat inclosed by the 
columella turning inward; colour chestnut brown. Length a quarter of an inch. 
Found sparingly at the mouth of the river Aun, Devonshire, Sandwich, and Dunbar. 
4. C. fuscatum, pl. V, f. 67.—Murex Sfuscatus.—Montagu, p. 269; Turbo tu- 
berculata ; Pennant, pl. 82, f. 111;* Terebra fuscata; Fleming, Brit. An., p- 346. 
Shell tuberculate, with ten or twelve volutions, tapering from the base to an acute 
apex; three or four series of crenulated spiral stria, between the tuberculated spiral 
ridges ; aperture small, oval, ending ina slight canal; base spirally striate; colour 
yellowish brown. Length about an inch and a half. Found at Weymouth, and 
coast of Northumberland. Very rare. 
5. C. reticulatum, pl. V, f. 63.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 63; Murex reticulatus ; 
Montagu, p. 272; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 150; Strombifor- 
mis reticulus ; Da Costa, p. 117, pl. 8, f.3; Terebra reticulata ; Fleming, Brit. 
An., p. 346. 
Shell strong, slender, tapering from the base to the apex, which terminates in a 
very fine point; eleven or twelve volutions, each furnished with four spiral ridges, 
intersected by narrow furrows, running a little oblique, producing a strongly reticu- 
lated appearance over the whole shell; volutions separated by a small suture; aper- 
ture oval, angulated above, ending below in a little contracted, slight canal; outer 
lip thin, somewhat indented by the spiral ridges; pillar lip replicated ; base not reti- 
culated; colour rufous brown. Length five-eighths of an inch, breadth rather more 
than one-eighth. 
Common on the coast of Cornwall, plentiful in Falmouth harbour, and on the De- 
vonshire, Dorsetshire, Kentish, and Welsh coasts. 
6. C. minutissimum.—Murex minutissimus ; Montagu, p. 273; Adams, Linn. 
- ‘Trans., III, p- 65; Turton’s Linné, IV, p. 460. 
Shell with five spiral, striated volutions ; ribs remote; beak closed, A minute, 
elegant, and pellucid shell from the coast of Pembrokeshire. 
We give the above imperfectly described species on the authority of Adams, 
have not seen the shell. 
as we 
Subdivision 11.— With the volutions of the spire reversed. 
7. C. adversum, pl. V. f. 66.—Cerithium tuberculatum.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 
66; Murex adversus ; Montagu, p. 271; Donovan, pl. 159; Maton and Racket, 
Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 151; Fleming, Brit. An., p- 347. 
Shell tapering from the base to the apex ; with ten or eleven imperfectly defined, 
reversed, tuberculated volutions, ending in a fine point; each volution furnished with 
three series of tubercles, the middle row smaller than the others; aperture oval, 
opaque, light hair brown. 
‘rarely, half an inch; breadth not quite one-eighth. 
terminating in a strait canal; base with two or three smooth spiral ridges; colour 
Length three-eighths of an inch, sometimes, though 
Found at Weymouth, and spar- 
ingly on the Cornish and Devonshire coasts. 
8. C. cancellatum, pl. V, f. 64.—C. adversum.—First Ed., pl. 48, f. 64. 
Shell with eleven reversed, slightly defined volutions, tapering from the base to 
an obtuse apex; each volution provided with four rows of spiral, depressed tuber- 
cles, producing a fine cancellated appearance. These tubercles do not extend lower 
down than the upper margin of the aperture in front, and in a spirally parallel direc- 
_ tion behind ; aperture triangular, pointed beneath, ending in a compressed, closed, 
short canal; colour raw umber brown. Found on the Northumberland coast at 
Noly Island. 
MOLLUSCA. 9 
Section I].—Puytipnaca. 
Destitute of a projecting syphon, and usually respiring by an 
orifice ; provided with jaws, and feeding upon vegetables ; shell 
with the aperture entire, and without any notch or canal. 
Genus 15.—Turritretta— Lamarck. 
Shell turreted or conoid, with the aperture rounded or oblong, 
not expanding, and the margin disunited. 
1. T. terebra, pl. VIII, f. 56.—First Ed., pl. 51, f. 56; Lamarck, VII, p- 
56; Turbo terebra ; Montagu, p. 293; Donovan, I, pl. 22, f. 2; Pennant, IV, pl. 
81, f. 113; Fleming, Brit. An., p- 302. 
Shell extremely taper, greatly elongated, with from twelve to sixteen well round- 
ed and deeply divided yolutions, terminating in an acute apex; three spiral, sharp, 
elevated ridges traverse the shell from the lower margin of the body to the apex, 
in the middle of the volutions, the centre one being most raised; the whole shell is 
covered with numerous close-set, spiral striw, crossed by extremely minute, very 
thick-set, longitudinal, waved striw, hardly perceptible without the aid of a lens; 
colour light brown, reddish brown, or sometimes clouded ; aperture orbicular ; outer j 
lip thin, but not continuous; base flattened, concentrically wrinkled, and striate. 
Length varying from an inch and a half to two inches, breadth of base from three 
and a half to five-eighths of an inch. Inhabits the Devonshire, Welsh, Manx, Irish, 
Northumberland, and Durham coasts, and is not uncommon in the Frith of Forth, 
and other parts of Scotland. 
2. T. minor, pl. VIII, f. 57-58.—First Ed., pl. 51, f. 57-58. 
Shell acute ; with fifteen well defined, rounded, somewhat short volutions, taper- 
ing to a sharp point, covered with very fine, regular, spiral strie; aperture sub- 
rotund; outer lip thin. Length three-eighths of an inch, breadth not an inch. Found 
on the coast of Tenby, Wales, by George Lyons, Esq., Tenby, and in his Cabinet. 
Genus 16.—PuastanELta.—Lamarck. 
Shell oval or conical, solid ; aperture entire, oval, longer than 
broad, the margin disunited above; outer lip acute at the edge, 
and not reflected; columella smooth, attenuated with a slight sa- 
lient angle at the base, and a caleareous or horny operculum. 
1. P. pullus, pl. X, f. 42.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 42; Turbo pullus ; Montagu, 
p- 319; Donovan, I, pl. 2, f. 2-6; Turbo pictus ; Da Costa, p. 103, pl. 8, f. 1-3; 
Cingula pulla ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. 
Shell with four or five well-rounded, smooth, glossy volutions ; the body large, 
being as long as the spire ; apex rather obtuse ; aperture suborbicular, large, and 
in old shells spreading on the columella; colour extremely variable, more or less 
streaked and spotted with pink or purple, with dark undulated lines ; or fiesh-coloured 
spotted with white; sometimes purplish-brown with white spots. Montagu men- 
tions a variety which is very finely lineated, and having the appearance of being stri- 
ate, and others with broad lines, intersected with interrupted bands. Length 
three-eighths of an inch, breadth half its length. 
The foot of the animal is furnished with a strong, 
operculum. 
Not uncommon on the coasts of Whitsand Bay and Falmouth, Cornwall; at Mil- 
ton Sands and Ilfracomb, Devonshire; at Weymouth, Dorsetshire; and Portinar- 
nock, Ireland. - 
2. P. vinctus, pl. X, f. 46.—First Ed., pl. 46, f.46; Turbo vinctus ; Montagu, 
p- 307; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 167. 
Shell conic, with six rounded, smooth, sub-pellucid, horn-coloured volutions; the 
body provided with four or five purplish-brown, or chestnut-coloured bands; a broad 
space divides the three lower and upper ones; the second and third volutions of the 
spire having only two zones; apex small, somewhat obtuse; aperture suborbicular ; 
outer lip very thin; inner lip thick, with a narrow channel, which terminates in a 
small umbilicus. Length somewhat more than three-eighths of an inch; breadth a 
quarter. 
This species is subject to variety, both in the colour and disposition of the bands; 
sometimes it is of a pale horn-colour, with the zones very faint; at other times they 
are very distinct. It is sometimes confounded with the P. canalis, but may at once 
be distinguished by the canal of this species being much longer, and also by its um- 
bilicus, as well as the subangulated form of the aperture. Inhabits the north and 
south coasts of Devonshire, the Yorkshire, Northumberland, and eastern coasts of 
Ireland, and is common in the Frith of Forth; usually adhering to Algw. 
3. P. canalis, pl. X, f. 48.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 48; Turbo canalis ; Montagu, 
p- 309, pl. 12, f. 11; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p- 220. 
Shell conic, with five smooth, rounded, pellucid, horn-coloured volutions ; the body 
one being longer than the spire ; apex pointed; aperture suborbicular, subangulated, 
with the outer lip extremely thin; pillar lip broadly reflected on the columella, and 
provided with a channel, terminating in an umbilicus. Length three-eighths of an 
inch, breadth not half its length. Found at Southampton, and the coast of Tenby, 
Wales. 
thick, very convex and glossy 
