10 MOLLUSCA. 
Montagu mentions a variety with two brown bands on the body, found by him at 
Southampton, where it is not uncommon. a 
4. P. crassior, pl. X, f. 43.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 43; Turbo crassior ; Montagu, 
p- 309, pl. 20, f. 1; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 159; Fleming, Brit. 
An., p- 299; Turbo pallidus, Donovan, V, pl. 178, f. 4; Walker, f. 24. 
Shell strong, thick, opaque, conic, with five rounded volutions, flattened above, 
and subcarinated, separated by a deep suture, and terminating in an acute apex ; body 
with a few indistinct, nearly obsolete, spiral striae; aperture sub-orbicular, white ; 
pillar lip slightly wrinkled; outer lip rather thin; colour cream-white, covered by a 
yellowish-brown epidermis. 
This species is nearly allied to P. canalis, but may readily be distinguished from 
it, being longer in proportion to its breadth, in its volutions being more produced, and 
the body shorter in proportion to the superior volutions. In the young state there 
are sometimes indications of a groove and umbilicus at the base of the columella, but 
which is always closed up in the adult condition. 
Inhabits the coast of Sandwich, Biddeford Bay, and the coast of Wales; plentiful 
m the Frith of Forth and Dublin Bay. 
5. P. scripta, pl. 1X, f. 21.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 21; Maton and Racket, Linn. 
Trans., VIII, p. 185; Adams, Linn, Trans., II, p. 66, pl. 13, f. 17-18. 
Shell smooth, opaque; spire with two rounded, deeply-divided volutions ; apex ob- 
tuse; body large, nearly three times the length of the spire; aperture sub-rotund ; 
body with three brown lines, or bands, resembling characters, such as those on the 
Lichens scriptus, which, however, can only be distinguished by the aid of a lens, 
as they appear continuous to the naked eye. Inhabits the coast of Pembrokeshire, 
6. P. cornea, pl. X, f. 47.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 47. 
Shell smooth, taper; spire consisting of five slightly divided volutions terminating 
in an acute apex; body nearly double the length of the spire; aperture semi-ovate, 
pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella, and broadest beneath; outer lip thin, 
a little inflected; colour reddish fawn. Length upwards of seven-eighths of an inch ; 
breadth of body three-eighths. I found this shell at Portobello, near Edinburgh. 
In Lady Jardine’s Cabinet. 
7. P. stylifera, pl. X, f. 40-41.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 40-41. 
Zoological Journal, II, p. 367, pl. 13, f. 11. 
Shell oval, yellowish horn-colour, transparent, with five smooth volutions, the 
body one being very tumid, and those of the spire extremely small, and diminishing 
abruptly, terminating in an acute point; aperture sub-orbicular, with the margin 
disunited at top, and extremely thin, destitute of an operculum; towards the pillar 
side, the colour becomes more intensely rufous. Length a line, breadth not so 
much. 
Dr Turton says, ‘* The sudden and extremely minute volume of the three apical 
volutions—in this respect resembling the Voluta bulloides—distinguishes it from 
all the other minute turbinated shells.” 
A dozen specimens of this pretty shell were found adhering to the spines of the 
Echinus esculentus, dredged up in Torbay by Dr Turton. 
8. P. fasciata, pl. X, f. 54.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 54. Helix fasciata. 
Adams, in Linn. Trans., V, p. 5, pl. 1, f. 20-21; Montagu, p. 446. 
Shell thin, smooth, white, with three volutions; the body one ventricose; the 
spire depressed ; aperture dilated, columella sub-umbilicated; the body with three 
transverse bands of arich marone colour, the middle one broad, and the lateral 
ones narrow. Length an eighth and a half of an inch. Inhabits the coast of Pem- 
brokeshire. 
9. P. bifusciata, pl. X, f. 44-45.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 44-45. 
Shell smooth, ventricose, consisting of four volutions; the spire very short, 
and body very large and rounded; vyolutions distinctly divided; aperture semi-ovate, 
narrow above, and rounded below; outer lip thin, expanding; pillar lip broadly re- 
flected on the columella, with an oblong furrow in its centre; apex somewhat ob- 
tuse; colour cream-white; body with two very broad umber-brown bands which 
are visible inside of the aperture, and the volutions with one each at their base. 
Length three-eighths of an inch. Found at Portobello, adhering to Alge, by Gen- 
eral Bingham. 
10. P. striata, pl. X, f. 49.—First Ed., pl. 46, f. 49. 
Shell smooth, horn-coloured ; spire small, consisting of two well defined volu- 
tions, apex rather obtuse; body elongated; taper at the base; with very minute 
spiral striae, not discernible but by the aid of a lens; aperture oblong-ovate, point- 
ed at both extremities; outer lip somewhat expanded, thickened, inflected above, 
and thin below; pillar lip reflected on the columella, with an elongated sub-umbilicus 
on its centre. Length a quarter of an inch; breadth about an eighth. Found at the 
Rock of St Skae, Forfarshire. 
Turton, in 
Genus XVII.—Rissoa.— Desmarest. 
Shell univalve, spiral, oblong, or turreted ; not umbilicated, often 
ribbed; aperture entire, oval, oblique, dilated, rather angular above, 
and with a slight sinus at the base; lips entirely or nearly united, 
the outer one often thickened, its edges not reflected; with a tes- 
taceous operculum. 
[ TRACHELIPODA. 
1. R. calathisca, pl. 1X, f. 4.—Pyramis calathiscus ; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 4; 
Turbo calathiscus, Montagu, Sup. p. 132, pl. 30, f. 5; Cingula calathisca ; Flem- 
ing, Brit. An., p. 305, 
Shell conic ; spire with five abruptly tapering volutions ; on the body are eight 
transverse spiral series of tubercles ; on the lower volution of the spire four rows, and 
afterwards one less on each succeeding volution, and lost in the apex, which is acute ; 
the whole shell has a fine cancellated appearance to the naked eye; aperture subor- 
bicular, margin white; the outer lip denticulated within; no reflection of the inner 
lip on the columella ; colour deep burnt umber-brown. Length a quarter of an inch ; 
breadth more than half its length. Inhabits the shores of the Island of Jura, one of 
the Hebrides. 
2. R. turricula, pl. IX, f. 18.—Pyramis turriculus ; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 18. 
Shell subconic ; spire about half the length of the body, with four turreted, slightly 
raised volutions, tapering to rather an obtuse apex; aperture semiovate, somewhat 
pointed above; outer lip thin, continuous with the inner lip, which is broadly re- 
flected on the columella; the body and two under volutions with strong, smooth, 
glossy, longitudinal ribs; colour rusty-brown, inside pinkish-brown. Length not 
quite a quarter of an inch ; breadth about two-thirds its length. Found by the Rev. 
Dr Goodall, late Provost of Eton College, on the Devonshire coast. In his Cabinet. 
3. R. labiosa, pl. VIII, f. 19.—Pyramis labiosus ; First Ed., pl. 51, f. 19; 
Turbo labiosus ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 164; Helix labiosu, 
Montagu, p. 400, pl. 13, f. 7; Cingula labiosa ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 
Shell subconic, subpellucid, of a light horn colour ; spire with six, and sometimes 
seven flattish volutions, separated by a fine suture, terminating in an acute apex, which 
is frequently of a purplish colour; body about double the length of the spire; pro- 
vided with from twelve to fifteen faint ribs on the three under volutions; upper vo- 
lutions of the spire smooth ; aperture placed slightly oblique, extremely glossy within, 
semiovate ; outer lip white, much expanded, and thickened within, with its margins 
thin, and a little reflexed, and usually of a purplish-brown; the back a little gibbous, 
and generally whiter than the rest of the shell; pillar lip considerably reflected on 
the columella, which is undulated within, forming a small elevation, somewhat like 
an obsolete tooth. Length rather more than a quarter of an inch; breadth about 
half its length. Found at Falmouth and various other places in Cornwall, Devon- 
shire, and Dorsetshire, and Welsh coasts, and Frith of Forth. 
4. R. obtusa, pl. 1X, f. 27, 28.—Pyramis obtusus ; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 27, 28. 
Shell strong, glossy, white, and opaque, with four inflated well defined volutions ; 
body very large in proportion to the spire, which terminates in an obtuse smooth de- 
pressed volution; the whole shell with thick, longitudinal, numerous, slightly waved 
ribs, strongly striated transversely, giving it 2 somewhat tuberculated appearance ; 
aperture obliquely ovate; outer lip very strong, separated from the body at its upper 
margin, continuous both above and below ; inner lip reflected on the columella, nar- 
rowish above, and widening as it descends, with a slight sub-umbilicus. 
tenth of an inch; breadth two-thirds its length. 
head, by General Bingham, and in his Cabinet. 
5. R. Binghami, pl. 1X, f. 29.—Pyramis Binghami; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 29. 
Shell with six volutions gradually tapering to an obtuse apex, and separated by a 
threadlike suture, which becomes obsolete in the upper volutions, with strong de- 
pressed longitudinal ribs, which reach only to the junction of the outer lip on the 
body; apex smooth, with distant transverse strie, producing a cancellated appear- 
ance ; from the junction of the lip the lower part of the body is provided with very 
distinct close-set transverse strie, which continue to the base of the shell, and so 
strong as almost to be entitled to be called ribs, and even cross the inner lip at top ; 
these are seen in the interior of the shell through the aperture, and also on the outer 
lip; aperture semiovate, a little straitened above ; outer lip strong; inner lip narrow 
above, and gradually widening as it descends; whole shell of a deep flesh colour. 
Length an eighth and a half of an inch; breadth half its length. Found in St Fer- 
gus’ Bay, near Peterhead, by General Bingham. 
6. R. conifera, pl. 1X, f. 68.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 68; Turbo coniferus ; Mon- 
tagu, p. 314, pl. 15, f. 2; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 173; Cingula 
conifera ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 306. 
Shell strong, taper white, provided with six volutions, terminating in rather an ob- 
tuse smooth apex ; the whole shell furnished with about twelve undulating ribs, in- 
terrupted only by a fine suture; the interstices between them, at the top of each 
volution, are formed into small cavities, producing a scolloped or denticulated appear- 
ance, and is continuous throughout the suture; the ribs are crossed by minute close- 
set transverse striw, which can only be seen by the aid of a lens; aperture oval, 
oblique; outer lip strong, continuous; pillar lip broadly reflected on the columella. 
Length a guarter of an inch; breadth a third of its length. Found at Weymouth, 
Dorsetshire. 
7. R. suleata, pl. 1X, f. 69.—Pyramis sulcatus ; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 69. 
Shell thick, white, and glossy, with six volutions, those of the spire but slightly 
raised, and tapering to rather an obtuse apex; with fourteen or fifteen longitudinal 
ribs; body nearly double the length of the spire; aperture oblong oval; outer lip 
thick, broad, and somewhat flattened in front, and continuous; pillar lip narrow 
above, and gradually widening as it descends. Length three-eighths of an inch; 
breadth about half its length. Found at Dunbar by General Bingham. 
8. R. fuscata, pl. IX, f. 72.—Pyramis fuscatus ; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 72. 
Length a 
Found at St Fergus’ Bay, Peter- 

