23. R. maculata, pl. UX, f. 5-6. Pyramis maculatus.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 5-6. 
Shell with five ventricose, glossy volutions ; spire well divided by the suture; the 
whole shell covered with extremely minute longitudinal and transverse strie ; colour 
pale yellow, with three remote rows of equidistant, square ferruginous spots, becom- 
ing obsolete in the third volution of the spire, which terminates in rather an ob- 
tuse apex; aperture semiovate, somewhat contracted above; pillar lip reflected on 
the columella, thickest in the centre, with a sub-umbilicus behind; outer lip rather 
thick. Length an eighth of an inch; breadth about half its length. Found on the 
sands at Weymouth, by Dr Goodall, and in sand opposite Padstow Harbour, by Sir 
Ashton Molesworth, Bart. 
This shell strongly resembles Rissoa interrupta, but is much broader in propor- 
tion to its length; it is besides transversely striate, while the R. interrupta is 
smooth. 
24. R. interrupta, pl. IX, f. 45.—Pyramis interruptus.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 
45; Turbo interruptus ; Montagu, p. 329, pl. 20, f. 8.—Maton and Racket, Linn. 
Trans., VIII, p. 166; Cingula interrupta ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. 
Shell conic, pellucid, glossy, cream-white, with five slightly raised volutions ter- 
minating in a moderately pointed apex; with a double series of oblong, distant spots 
on the body, and one row on the volutions of the spire; the upper row on the body 
is at top, the spots joining those of the spire, and are cut through by the suture; the 
second series, on the middle of the body; aperture sub-orbicular; outer lip rather 
strong ; pillar lip reflected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch breadth 
a third of its length. Found at Falmouth; at Ilfracomb, Devonshire, and in the 
Frith of Forth. 
25. R. punctura, pl. IX, f. 48.—Pyramis punctura,—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 43; 
Turbo punctura ; Montagu, p. 320, pl. 12, f. 5. 
Shell with six very glossy, eream-white, ventricose volutions, well defined by a 
deep suture, terminating in rather an obtuse, smooth apex; the whole shell very 
finely striated longitudinally and spirally, giving it the appearance of being punctated 
when examined with a strong lens, while, in reality, it is only the smooth interstices, 
between the striz, which present this appearance; aperture sub-orbicular ; outer lip 
rather strong; pillar lip narrowly reflected on the columella. Length a tenth of an 
inch; breadth one-third its length. Found at Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Saleomb 
Bay, Devonshire; at Padstow, Cornwall, and at Dunbar, by General Bingham. 
26. R. approxima, pl. IX, £. 42.—Pyramis approximus.—First Ed., pl. 50, 
f. 42. 
Shell cream-white, with six glossy ventricose volutions, well defined by the suture, 
and tapering abruptly to a fine point; spirally and longitudinally striated, giving the shell 
the appearance of being punctated; aperture nearly round; outer lip thin; pillar lip 
slightly reflected on the columella. Length a tenth of an inch; breadth one-third of 
its length. Found by General Bingham on Belton Sands. 
This shell is so like the R. punctura, that it may easily be mistaken for it ; but on 
comparison, it will be found that the interstices representing punctures are nearly 
double the size, much less numerous than those of R. punctura, and the apex is 
somewhat more acute. 
27. R. reticulata, pl. IX, f. 30.—Pyramis reticulatus.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 30; 
Turbo reticulatus ; Montagu, p. 322; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans.. VIII, p. 
172; Walker, f. 32; Cingula reticulata ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 306. 
Shell strong, conic, opaque, of a light brown colour; with six ventricose volutions, 
terminating in a rather obtuse, smooth apex; the whole shell with strong, wide, 
longitudinal, and transverse strie, producing a reticulated appearance ; aperture sub- 
orbicular, a little pointed above; outer lip thick; inner lip moderately reflected on 
the columella, with a slight groove or sub-umbilicus behind. Length not a tenth of 
an inch; breadth more than half its length. Found on the coast of Sandwich, and 
at Dunbar by General Bingham ; and in the Frith of Forth by dredging. 
28. R. arenaria, pl. IX, f. 12.—Pyramis arenarius ; First Ed., pl. 50, f. 12; 
Turbo decussatus; Montagu, p. 322, pl. 12, f. 43 Helix arenaria; Maton and 
Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 214. 
Shell white, sub-pellucid, a little glossy, having five abruptly rounded volutions, 
tapering to a somewhat obtuse apex, and well defined by the suture; with very strong 
longitudinal striz, and extremely fine spiral striz, giving to the whole external sur- 
face a decnssated appearance; aperture oblique; sub-oval, a little contracted above; 
outer lip thin; pillar lip very slightly reflected on the columella. Length not quite 
an eighth of an inch; breadth not half its length. Found at Saleomb Bay, Devon- 
shire. 
29. R. subrufa, pl. 1X, f. 13.—Pyramis subrufus.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 13; 
Turbo subrufus ; Montagu, p. 334; Adams, Linn. Trans., V, p. 3, pl. 1, f. 18-19. 
Shell smooth, with five volutions, somewhat angular above, opaque, dull red, the 
apper part of each volution marked with a white, transverse band. Found on the 
coast of Pembrokeshire. 
We have copied the figure and description of this species from Adams, never hav- 
ing met with it. 
30. R. ulve, pl. IX, f. 9, 14, 15, and 41.—Pyramis ulve.—First Ed., pl. 50, 
f. 14, 15, and 41; Montagu, p. 318; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 
164; Cingula ulve; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. : 
Shell with from five to seven smooth, gradually tapering, nearly fiat volutions, 
separated by a very small suture, and terminating in a somewhat obtuse apex; aper- 
ture sub-oval, provided with a horny operculum; outer lip plain; pillar lip slightly re- 
12 MOLLUSCA. 
[ TRacwELIPoDa, 
flected on the columella, with a small sub-umbilicus behind; colour fuscous or pale 
fawn. Length generally about a quarter of an inch, sometimes three eighths of an 
inch. Found in most of the inlets and harbours in Britain and Ireland. 
31. R. strigata, pl. IX, f. 8.—Pyramis strigatis.— First Ed., pl. 50, f. 8; Adams, 
Micros., pl. 14, f. 16; Montagu, p. 331; Walker, f. 38. 
Shell with three volutions ; the spire with three transverse ridges; aperture sub- 
oval ; colour opaque white. From Seasalter, very rare. 
This figure and description are copied from Adams, as we have never met with it. 
32. R. disjuncta, pl. IX, f. 7.—Pyramis disjunctus.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 7; 
Turbo disjunctus ; Laskey, Wernerian Memoirs, I, p. 405, pl. 8, f. 3; Montagu, 
Sup. p. 128; Cingula disjuncta ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 
‘* Shell rather slender, white, and perfectly smooth, with six remarkably rounded 
volutions, divided by a broad and deep line of separation, the bottom of which is flat, 
or a little concave, not angular, as in most other shells, giving it somewhat the ap- 
pearance of the volutions being disunited, similar to the cast of some fossil species ; 
aperture nearly orbicular ; pillar lip reflected, behind which is an umbilicus. Length 
searcely a quarter of an inch.” —Montagu. Found by Captain Laskey at Belton Sands, 
near Dunbar. 
33. R. alba, pl. IX, f. 16-19.—Pyramis albulus,—.First Ed., pl. 50, f. 16-19 ; 
Turbo albulus; Adams, Linn. Trans., III, pl. 13, f. 17-18; Montagu, p. 332; 
Cingula alba ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 309. 
«« Shell opaque, with five longitudinally ribbed volutions; aperture roundish, not 
margined. Found on the coast of Pembrokeshire, in the roots of fuci.”——Adams. 
Dr Fleming describes the shell thus: —‘* Length about a tenth of an inch, breadth 
one-half less; smooth, glossy, sub-peliucid, pale brown, when recent, or with spiral 
brown bands; whorls not much rounded, smooth, glossy ; the ribs, which are rounded 
and slightly waved, sometimes do not reach the body-whorl; the shell then appearing 
not unlike Cingula (Rissoa) interrupta; aperture sub-orbicular ; pillar lip a little 
reflected. This species has been probably confounded with Cingula parva, to which 
it bears a considerable resemblance ; it is, however, more rounded in the aperture, and 
produced in the spire, and the outer lip is thin.” 
34, R. ruber, pl. IX, f. 17.—Pyramis ruber.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 17; Turbo 
ruber; Adams, Linn. Trans., III, pl. 13, f. 21-22; Cingula rubra ; Fleming, Brit. 
An., p. 308. 
Shell with five pellucid, smooth, glossy, rounded, reddish-brown volutions, divid- 
ed by a fine suture, and terminated in a pointed apex ; aperture sub-orbicular ; outer lip 
thin ; pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch, some- 
times more ; breadth nearly a third of its length. Found at Whitsand Bay, Cornwall, 
and at Portobello. Montagu mentions having found a shell ‘* in every respect like 
this species, but in colour, which was perfectly white, and so transparent, that the 
whole columella was seen through the shell.” 
35. R. striata, pl. IX, f. 22.—Pyramis striatus.—First Ed., pl. 50, f. 225 
Helix striata; Walker, f. 29; Adams, Micr. pl. 14, f. 13; Maton and Racket, 
Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 204; Montagu, p. 445; Cingula striata ; Fleming, Brit. 
An., p. 307. 
«* Shell greenish-white, pellucid, striate; with three volutions reflected on the 
back; aperture suboval.”— Walker. 
36. R. subumbilicata, pl. 1X, f. 44.—Pyramis subumbilicatus.—First Ed., pl. 
50, f. 44; Turbo subumbilicatus; Montagu, p. 316; Cingula subumbilicata ; 
Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. 
Shell conic, smooth, somewhat glossy, of a cream-white; with four or five very 
tumid volutions; the body one being rather longer than the spire, terminating in an 
obtuse apex; aperture oval; outer lip even; pillar lip slightly reflected on the colu- 
mella, behind which is a slight suleus or subumbilicus. Length an eighth of an inch ; 
breadth about half its length. 
Found at Weymouth, Dorsetshire ; and at Portmarnock, Ireland. Rare. This 
species differs from the Rissoa ulve in being more ventricose, in the umbilicus being 
larger, and the aperture being quite ovate, and not contracted into an acute angle at 
the top. It may also be mistaken for R. ventricosa ; but its greater proportional 
breadth at the base, and shape of the aperture, at once distinguish it. It never grows 
so large as the R. ulv@, and always exceeds the R. ventricosa in magnitude. 
37. R. ventricosa, pl. VIII, f. 27 and 59.—Pyramis ventrosus.—First Ed., pl. 
51, f. 27 and 59; Turbo ventrosus ; Montagu, p. 317, pl. 12, f. 13; Maton and 
Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 164; Turbo eburneus; Adams, Micros., pl. 14. 
f. 15; Walker, f. 36; Cingula ventricosa ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 
Shell smooth, glossy, thin, horn-coloured; with six ventricose, greatly rounded 
volutions, terminating in a moderately pointed apex ; aperture suborbicular; provided 
with a thin, wrinkled, corneous operculum; outer lip thin, even; pillar lip not re- 
flected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch; breadth not one-half its 
length. Found at Folkstone and Sandwich in Kent, and in the Frith of Forth at 
Dunbar. 
The glossy appearance of this shell at once distinguishes it from R. ulve. 
38. R. retiforma, pl. VII, f. 3 and 23.—Pyramis retiformis.—First Ed., pl. 
51, f. 23; Turbo retiformis ; Montagu, p. 330; Walker, f. 37. 
‘© Shell with four tumid reticulated volutions ; aperture oval ; colour opaque-white. 
From Sandwich; very rare.” — Walker. 
39. R. graphica, pl. 1X, f. 83.—Pyramis graphicus.—First Ed., p). 47, f. 
27; Turbo graphicus ; Brown, Wernerian Memoirs, II, p. 521, pl. 24, f. 6. 
