InVoLUTE.] 
Shell conic, pellucid, light horn-colour ; with seven moderately rounded volutions, 
and generally two pale, yellowish bands on the body ; finely and regularly spirally 
striate throughout; apex pointed; aperture subovate; outer lip thin, even; pillar 
lip a little reflected on the columella. 
This species differs from the R. inscueptus in its colour and pointed apex, and in 
having no duplicature or subumbilicus behind the pillar lip, and being destitute of the 
small tooth. Length a line anda half; breadth not a line. 
Found at the South Bull, Dublin Bay, by Dr Turton, who says, ‘* We found a 
variety more conic and paler, with yellowish marks on the body whorl, which is 
larger in proportion to the rest, and all are more rounded and deeper defined.” 
40. R. glabra, pl. IX, f. 37.—Pyramis glabris, First Ed., p. 50, f. 37. 
Shell subconic ; with four bulging, narrow, deeply divided, very glossy, pellucid, 
blueish-white volutions, terminating in an obtuse apex ; body more than double the 
length of the spire; aperture ovate ; somewhat contracted above; outer lip thin, 
even; pillar lip not reflected on the columella above, but a little so on its lower half, 
behind which is a small subumbilicus, and a slight plication at the base. Length 
not a tenth of an inch; breadth half its length. Found at Belton Sands, near Dun- 
bar, by General Bingham. 
41. R. spiralis, pl. IX, f. 40.—Pyramis spiralis, First Ed., pl. 50, f. 40; 
Turbo spiralis, Montagu, p. 323, pl. 12, f. 93 Voluta spiralis, Maton and Racket, 
Linn, Trans., VIII, p. 130; Walker, f. 46. 
Shell conic, pellucid, glossy, white; with four or five volutions; the body with 
transverse spiral ridges, half way from the base, the upper part, and volutions of the 
spire finely ribbed longitudinally ; volutions nearly flat, but well-defined by the su- 
ture of the spire, which has a very fine, spiral ridge; apex obtuse ; aperture sub- 
orbicular ; pillar lip turning inwards, and producing the appearance of a small denti- 
cle, which is in truth a plication or ridge, that runs spirally some way up the colu- 
mella, occasioned by the insertion of the lip. Length one line; breadth half its 
length. Found in sand at Saleomb Bay, Devonshire. Very rare. 
42. R. decussata, pl. IX, f. 57.—Pyramis decussatis, First Ed., pl. 50, f. 
57; Turbo striatus, Montagu, p.312; Phasinella decussata, Fleming, Brit. An., 
p- 302; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 173; Walker, f. 49; Adams, 
Linn. Trans., III, pl. 13, f. 25-26. 
Shell pellucid, glossy, white ; with six rather rounded volutions, terminating in a 
rather pointed apex, transversely striate and faintly ribbed on the upper part; aper- 
ture suboval, margined; sometimes covered with a brown epidermis. Length about 
an eighth of an inch. Inhabits the coast of Pembrokeshire. 
43. R. discrepans, pl. 1X, f. 70-71.—Pyramis discrepans, First Ed., pl. 50, 
f. 70-71. 
Shell strong; with eight gradually tapering, ventricose volutions, well-defined by 
the suture ; the second, third, and fourth volutions above the body provided with 
strong, regular, longitudinal ribs; the rest of the shell smooth, glossy, and of a deep 
emnamon colour, with two indistinct bands across the body; apex moderately point- 
ed; aperture subovate, and slightly contracted above ; outer lip thin; pillar lip only 
reflected in its lower half, behind which is a small subumbilicus. Length a quarter 
of an inch; breadth about a third of its length. Found on the Devonshire coast, by 
Dr Goodall. 
44, R. similis, pl. VIII, f. 20.—Pyramis similis, First Ed., p. 51, f. 20. 
Shell with six inflated glossy volutions, well-defined by the suture; body nearly 
double the length of the spire, the three lower volutions of which are provided with 
strong, straight, longitudinal ribs, between which the shell is a pale fawn colour; 
the two upper volutions smooth ; aperture orbicular; outer lip thin and continuous, 
reflected on the columella, and becoming broader as it descends, behind which is a 
strong subumbilicus ; colour pale yellowish-brown, with two zones of irregular rust- 
co.oured spots on the body. Length a quarter of an inch; breadth half its length. 
Found in sand opposite Padstow harbour, by the Rev. William Molesworth; and in 
the Cabinet of Dr Goodall. 
45. R. crystallina, pl. 1X, f. 76.—Pyramis crystallinus, First Ed., pl. 50, f. 
76. 
Shell blueish white, with five glossy, very smooth, somewhat ventricose volutions ; 
ending in a rather obtuse apex; body more than one and a half the length of the 
spire, and a little cylindrical; aperture nearly orbicular; outer lip thin, smooth; 
pillar lip very slightly reflected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch; 
breadth not half its length. Found at Tenby, by George Lyons, Esq., and in his 
Cabinet. 
46. R. vitrec, pl. IX, f. 81.—Pyramis vitreus, First Ed., pl. 50, f. 81; 
Turbo vitreus, Montagu, p. 320, pl. 12, f. 3; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., 
VIL, p. 213; Cingula vitrea, Fleming, Brit. Ann., p. 308. 
Shell subcylindrical, with five thin, pellucid, white, smooth, rounded volutions ; 
separated by a very obliquely spiral suture; apex rather obtuse ; aperture subovate, 
somewhat contracted above ; outer lip thin, pillar lip hardly reflected on the colu- 
mella. Length an eighth of an inch; breadth one-third its length. This shell is so 
transparent that the columella is visible through its whole length. Found at Whit- 
sand Bay, Cornwall, the South coast of Devonshire, and in the Frith of Forth, at 
Dunbar. 
MOLLUSCA. 13 
47. R. virginea, pl. 1X, f. 82.—Pyramis vitreus variety, First Ed., pl. 50, 
f. 82. 
Shell subeylindrical, with four very glossy, blueish-white, transparent, oblique 
volutions ; terminating in a somewhat obtuse apex; aperture semi-ovate, a little 
narrowed above ; outer lip thin and sharp; inner lip thin, and reflected on the co- 
lumella. Length an eighth of an inch; breadth not half its length. Found at 
Dunbar, by General Bingham, and in his Cabinet. 
This shell differs from the R. vitrea, in the body being much larger in propor- 
tion to the length of the spire, and being oviform in its outline ; the volutions of the 
spire are placed less obliquely, and the aperture is more ovate in its shape, with the 
outer lip not so abruptly produced. 
48. R. pallida, pl. VIII, f. 24.—Pyramis pallidus, First Ed., pl. 51, f. 24; 
Turbo pallidus, Montagu, p. 325, and Sup. p. 133, pl. 21, f. 4; Voluta am- 
bigua, Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p- 132; Phasianella pallida, 
Fleming, Brit. Ann., p. 302. 
Shell smooth, white, rather slender in shape, with six or seven volutions tapering to 
a moderately acute apex ; volutions not much raised, but separated by a well defined 
suture ; aperture suborbicular; outer lip arcuated; a faint duplicature on the outer lip, 
but destitute of any tooth, behind which a small umbilicus is formed by its reflection. 
Length a little more than the eighth of an inch; breadth barely a third of its 
length. Found in sand at Saleomb Bay, Devonshire. Very rare. 
49. R. pulla, pl. VIII, f. 25.—Pyramis pullus, First Ed., pl. 51, f. 25. 
Shell with eight slightly raised, smooth volutions, abruptly tapering to an acute 
apex; spire somewhat more than half the length of the body ; aperture semi-lunar, 
placed obliquely, and pale violet within; outer lip a little reflected, thickened inter- 
nally, but acute at its margin; pillar lip broadly reflected on the columella, and at 
its lower right angle extending obliquely, considerably beyond the body, and where 
it is a little turned over ; the whole shell covered with a yellowish dun brown epi- 
dermis. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth a little more than an eighth. I 
found this species on the sands at Holy Island, coast of Northumberland. In my 
Cabinet. 
50. R. Sandvicensis, pl. VIII, f. 26.—Pyramis Sandvicensis, First Ed., pl. 
51, f. 26; Turbo Sandvicensis, Montagu, p. 332; Maton and Racket, Linn. 
Trans., VIII, p. 187 ; Adams on the Microscope, pl. 14, f. 23; Walker, f. 55; 
Odostomia Sandvicensis, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 310. 
‘« The three-spired, elegantly reticulated Turbo, with one-toothed oval aperture ; 
colour pellucid white.” — Walker. 
From Sandwich. Exceedingly rare. 
51. R. unifaciata, pl. VIII, f. 28.—Pyramis unifaciatus, First Ed., pl. 51, 
f. 28; Turbo unifaciatus, Montagu, p. 327, pl. 20, f. 6; Cingula unifasciata, 
Fleming, Brit. Ann., p. 309. 
Shell smooth, conic, white, with five slightly raised volutions, divided by a very 
small suture ; two purplish-brown bands on the body, one on the second volution, 
and sometimes also on the third; these are close to the suture; aperture suboval ; 
outer lip thin, and a little reflected at the edge; pillar lip reflected on the columella: 
but no perforation behind it. Length an eighth of an inch; breadth more than a 
third its length. Found on the shore at Southampton, in sand from Burrow Island. 
Devonshire, and at Dunbar, by General Bingham. 
Montagu says, ‘* It is observable when it has two fascie on the lower volution : 
they occupy no more space than when there is but one.” 
52. R. fulgida ;—Helex fulgidus, Adams, Linn. Trans., III, p. 254; Turbo 
fulgidus, Montagu, p. 332. 
** Shell subconic, pellucid, smooth, glossy, variegated with white and bronze. 
usually in bands; volutions three, the first very large; apex small, obtuse; aper- 
ture suborbicular, margin alternated. Length half a line.” — Turton. 
Found in sand from Whitsand Bay, Cornwall. 
53. R. elegans.—Adams, Linn. Trans., III, p. 66, pl. 13, f.31-32; Montagu, 
p- 333; Turton’s Linné, IV, p. 489. 
‘* Shell pellucid, with six spirally striate volutions, and remote ribs; aperture 
oval.’’— Turton. 
54. R. divisa ;—Turbo divisus, Adams, Linn. Trans., III, p. 254; Montagu, 
p- 334; Turton’s Linné, IV, p. 489. 
‘© Shell pellucid, white, with four volutions, each divided into two parts, the 
upper one smooth, the lower one spirally striate ; aperture suboval.”— Turton. 
55. R. marginata, pl. IX, f.83.—TZurbo marginatus, Montagu, Sup. p. 128; 
Laskey, in Wernerian Memoirs, I, pl. 8, f. 13; Cingula marginata, Fleming, Brit. 
An., p. 306. 
«* Sheli subcylindrical, white, very strong, and obtusely pointed; with six ribbed 
volutions, finely striated in a spiral direction; aperture oval; pillar lip thickened; 
outer lip extremely thick, and rounded by a rib at the back. Length three-eighths 
of aninch; breadth one-fourth its length. 
** This shell somewhat resembles Turbo (Rissoa) coniferus, but is more slender. 
and the ribs are regularly arched over each volution, and not abruptly finished at the 
top, as in that shell.” —Montagu. 
Found at Dunbar, by Captain Laskey. 
