
INVOLUTE. ] 
Genus 28.—Hauiotis.—Linneus. 
Shell ear-shaped, ovate, oblong, or nearly round, and depres- 
sed; with a yery short, flattened, somewhat lateral spire; aper- 
ture extremely large, nearly embracing the whole shell, mostly 
entire, and of an ovate, or oblong form in the adult state; disk 
haying a series of circular, or ovate, perforations running paral- 
lel to the columellar or left margin, which commences with a 
notch; columellar lip usually flattened, or hollow, in front ; 
sometimes with a strongly developed central impression; inside 
always pearlaceous, exhibiting brilliant iridescent reflections. 
1. H. tuberculata, pl. X11, f. 2 and 18.—First Ed., pl. 36, 
f.2 and 18; Haliotis tuberculata, Pennant, Brit. Zool., LV, p. 
141, pl. 88, f. 144; Donovan, Brit. Sh., I, pl. 5; Montagu, p. 
473; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 362; Turton, Brit. Fauna., p. 196; 
Brown, Wernerian Memoirs, II, p. 532; Lamarck, VI, pt. 2nd, 
p- 215. 
Shell ovate oblong, flat, with coarse, slightly waved, longitu- 
dinal striz, and strong transyerse wrinkles, and extremely close, 
irregular strie; near the inner margin is a produced ridge, 
extending from the base to the first turn of the spire, and beset 
with irregularly formed tubercles, decreasing in size as they 
approach the apex; behind this the margin is rounded, and 
turns inward; above this is another ridge, in which there is a 
series of large tubercles, which also decrease towards the apex ; 
six or eight of the lower ones being perforated with ovate holes; 
the upper tubercles imperforate, and flattened at top; aperture 
very wide and entirely open, concave, transversely crossed by 
shallow, broad furrows, and highly pearlaceous, exhibiting beau- 
tiful iridescent reflections; outer margin thin; columellar lip 
broadly reflected, forming a flattened rim round the left side of 
the disk, nacred like the rest of the interior, and ending about 
an inch from the base. Length varying from three to four 
inches. 
Dead shells have been found on the coasts of Sussex, Dor- 
setshire, and Devonshire. It is found abundantly adhering to 
rocks, near low water mark, in Guernsey. Mr. Templeton, of 
Belfast, procured one specimen by the dredge at Springfield, 
county of Down, Ireland, and he assured me that several speci- 
mens had been picked up on these shores. 
Genus 29—S1GAretTus. —Lamarck. 
Shell suborbicular, subauriform, depressed; spire submargi- 
nal, much flattened, and sometimes compressed, consisting of 
not more than two or three yolutions; aperture entire, much 
dilated, oblong-oyate, its edges disunited at the upper extremity, 
in consequence of the outer lip embracing the base of the last 
volution; inner lip short, spirally twisted, in general slightly 
reflected at its upper part, sometimes to such an extent as to 
produce a small umbilicus; within the aperture are two mus- 
cular impressions, the one in the upper, and the other in its 
lower extremity. 
1. WS. Haliotoideus, pl. Il, f.1, 2—First Ed., pl. 44, f. 1, 2; 
Sigaretus haliotoideus, Lamarck, pt. 2nd, p. 208; S. per- 
spicuus, Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 29; Bulla haliotoidea, Montagu, 
p- 211, pl. 7, f.6, and Vignette 2, f.6; Brown, Ency. Brit.; VI, 
p- 434; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 168. 
Shell suboval, extremely thin, pellucid, white, glossy, and 
MOLLUSCA. 23 
smooth; very slightly wrinkled longitudinally by the lines of 
growth; spire very small and obtuse, consisting of two obliquely 
twisted yolutions; aperture oval, very large, but not quite ex- 
tending to the apex; body very large, and exposing the whole 
interior; outer lip thin; inner lip concave, and slightly inflected. 
Length three-quarters of an inch; breadth half an inch. 
Found in Salecomb Bay and Torcross, Devonshire; Studland 
beach and Weymouth, Dorsetshire; Downshire coast, Ireland ; 
and in the Frith of Forth, Scotland. It appears to inhabit deep 
water. 
2. S. flexelis, pl. II, f. 3, 4—First Ed., pl. 44, f. 3,4; Bulla 
flexilis, Montagu, Sup., p. 168; Laskey, Wernerian Memoirs, I, 
p- 396, pl. 8, f. 6. 
Shell suboval, pellucid; reddish horn coloured; extremely 
thin, transparent, with pretty strong longitudinal wrinkles ; spire 
very small, consisting of one obliquely twisted yolution; aper- 
ture oval, extending nearly to the apex; outer lip thin; inner 
lip slightly inflected. Length not quite half an inch; breadth 
an eighth and a half. 
This may be distinguished from the S. Haliotoides by its 
reddish horn colour, in the spire having but one volution, the 
inflection of the inner lip being only about half the breadth, by 
the base of the aperture being more acute, and in the wrinkles 
being much stronger. It is quite flexible when newly extracted 
from the animal. 
Found at Dunbar, by Captain Laskey. 
Genus 29.—GALERICULUM.—Brown. 
Shell semiovate ; body extremely large, destitute of a colu- 
mella; spire very small; aperture very larges outer lip and pillar 
lip continuous, the latter broad and reflected on the body; ge- 
nerally covered with an epidermis. 
1. G. levigatum, pl. XIX, f. 35 and 38-—First Ed., pl. 38, 
f. 35 and 38; Helix levigata, Donoyan, Brit. Sh., III, pl. 105; 
Montagu, p. 382; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 195; Velutina levi- 
gata, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 326; Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 29. 
Shell thin, fragile, suborbicular, flesh coloured; with three 
volutions; the body extremely large, and the spire very small, 
and slightly produced, placed laterally, and terminating in a 
compressed apex; the shell wrinkled transversely, and striated 
longitudinally, or spirally; covered with a thick, rough, brown 
epidermis, which is generally elevated into regular, equidistant, 
membranaceous, spiral ridges; aperture suborbicular, extremely 
large, inside smooth, glossy, and of a purplish-brown colour ; 
sometimes almost white; outer lip very thin; inner lip some- 
what oblique, and reflected on the body; behind which there 
is a slight groove. Ordinary size three-quarters of an inch in 
length, and five-eighths in breadth; but found of yery superior 
dimensions at Portmarnock, and other places on the east coast 
of Ireland, measuring nearly an inch and an eighth in length, 
and three-quarters in breadth. 
Found at Southampton; at Torcross and Saleomb, Devon- 
shire; Studland, Dorsetshire; Falmouth, Cornwall; Teign- 
mouth, Wales; and the Frith of Forth, Scotland. 
2. G. ovatum, pl. XIX, f. 27, 28.—First Ed., pl. 38, f. 27, 
28. 
Shell oblong-oval, much inflated; body very large; spire con- 
sisting of a single, small, knob-like volution; aperture oval, 
