
INVOLUTE. | 
Shell subdepressed, reddish-brown; body volution large, with 
a slight carina round its centre; spire small, abruptly tapering, 
consisting of four well defined, but depressed volutions, ter- 
minating in a subacute apex; aperture sublunate and roundish, 
its width somewhat more than its length; outer lip thin, even, 
with an internal rib; pillar lip with a slight reflection over the 
umbilicus, which is broad; exterior covered with rather remote, 
scattered, irregular, decidous, whitish hairs, which are more 
plentiful near the suture of the spire, and around the umbilicus, 
beneath which it is concentrically grooved. Diameter upwards 
of three-eighths of an inch; length not quite so much. 
This species is nearly allied to H. hispida, but somewhat 
larger, with a wider umbilicus, the hairs considerably more dis- 
tant, and is generally more convex. 
The H. concinna is widely spread all over England and 
Ireland. Its habitat is in dry situations, under stones and 
among nettles. 
24. Hexix pepixara, pl. XVIII, f. 47, 48. 
Helix depilata, Pfeiffer, I, p. 35, pl. 2, f. 18; Alder, Mag. 
Zool. and Bot., II, p. 107. 
Shell subglobose, depressed, concentrically grooved, and of a 
pale yellowish-brown; body very large; spire small, consisting 
of four volutions, terminating in a sharp point; base rather flat, 
provided with a pretty large umbilicus; aperture lunate ; outer 
lip white, and thickened. Diameter not three-eighths of an 
inch; length a quarter of an inch. 
This species is bald in all its stages from the young to the 
adult condition. It is somewhat like A. concinna, but is con- 
siderably smaller. 
Inhabits moist situations, under hedges, &c. 
Sub-Genus 5 —Heriomanes.—Ferussac. 
Subglobose, umbilicated ; peristome not reflected 3 epidermis 
thin ; epiphragm membranaeous. 
25. Hexix vireata, pl. XVII, f. 42, 43, 44.—First Ed., 
pl. 40, f. 42, 43, 44. 
Helix virgata, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 415, pl. 24, f. 1; 
Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 79; Ib., Brit. An., p. 261; 
Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, p. 524; Matdn and Rackett, Linn. 
Tr., VIII, p. 195; Turton, Man., p. 40, f.31; Thompson, Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 28; Helix zonaria, Pennant, Brit. 
Zool., IV, p. 137, pl. 85, f. 133; Donovan, Brit. Sh., pl. 65; 
Helix variabilis, Drapernaud, p. 84, pl. 5, f. 11, 12; Lamarck, 
An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 83; Rossmassler, Icon., VI, p. 
31, pl. 26, f. 356, a to f; Férussac, Journ. Phys., p. 297; Alder, 
Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 109; Helix striata, Brard, p. 36, 
pl. 2, f..5, 6; Teba virgata, Leach, Moll. p. 93. 
Shell subglobose, subpellucid; body large; spire small, con- 
sisting of five considerably inflated volutions, deeply defined by 
the sutural line; aperture sublunated, longer than wide, of a 
pale purplish-brown internally, inside with a narrow, white, 
thread-like elevation; outer lip thin, but not reflected; pillar 
lip slightly reflexed over the umbilicus; whole surface white, 
tinged with pale pink, usually with a dark purplish-brown zone 
round the centre of the body, continuing spirally at the base 
of the volutions of the spire, until it reaches the apex ; base 
of the body generally with three or four concentric lines of 
the same dark colour; these in some instances are confluent, 
N 
MOLLUSCA. 49 
the intervening colourless parts appearing in spots; others are 
provided with two or three broader circular bands at the base, 
none of which, however, run close to the umbilicus, which is 
only of moderate size, but deep. Ordinary diameter three- 
eighths of an inch; but is frequently met with three-quarters 
of an inch. 
This shell is subject to great variety in colour, and also in 
the number and disposition of its bands and markings; one of 
which is of a dark chocolate-brown, with a white central band 
round the body; sometimes it is pure white, and destitute of 
bands, while in other white specimens the zones are quite dis- 
tinct and transparent; the apex for the most part is black. A 
beautiful variety is of a pale flesh-colour, with a white central 
band. 
We met with a /usus of this species (pl. XVII, f. 41 and 45) 
at Farbane, King’s County, Ireland, with the volutions of the 
spire subscalariform, and the whole surface of a uniform red- 
dish-brown colour, with a white band round the centre of the 
body, and continuing round the base of the volutions of the 
spire; and the apicial volutions rather obtuse. 
The #. virgata is a local species both in England and Ire- 
land, but most plentiful where it occurs. It does not appear to 
extend further north than the central counties of England. In 
Ireland, I met with it plentifully in the King’s County, Queen’s 
County, and Kildare. 
and beautiful specimens. 
At Ballinakill, I found some very large 
My esteemed friend T. W. Warren, 
Esq., of Dublin, possesses the most beautiful and varied series 
of this shell, which any collection can boast of. 
habitat of this species is dry, sandy situations. 
It has been remarked, that this shell never associates with 
the HZ. eriectorum. 
26. Hexix caperara, pl. XVII, f. 37 and 39. 
Helix caperata, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 430, pl. 11, f. 11; 
Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 188; Ib., Man., p. 42, f. 32; Maton and 
Rackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 196; Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, 
p- 536; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 80; Ib., Brit. An., p. 
262; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XIII, p. 334; Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 
8; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 29; Helix 
striata, Drapernaud, p. 106, pl. 6, f. 18 to 21; Lamarck, An. 
San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 93; Rossmassler, V, p. 28, pl. 26, f. 
354; Helix intersecta, Brard, p. 39, pl. 2, f. 7. 
Shell subpellucid, subdepressed ; spire with five flattened vo- 
lutions, and terminating in a somewhat obtuse, nearly black 
apex ; body provided with a subcarinated belt round its centre, 
the base with a large and deep umbilicus; aperture semilunar ; 
outer and inner lips thin, the latter not reflected over the um- 
bilicus; generally of an ash-colour, or yellowish, and entirely 
The favourite 
covered with strong, regular, close-set, longitudinal strie; supe- 
rior portion of the body usually provided with a brown spiral 
band, which is continuous on the base of the volutions of the 
spire; base generally with several concentric, dark brown bands, 
which are interrupted at intervals, producing a catinated, or 
spotted appearance; sometimes the fascia are confluent, and 
spotted with white. Diameter at the base generally about 
three-eighths of an inch; height about a quarter. 
This species is liable to considerable variation in colour and 
markings, and even in size. Some are of a brownish ash-colour, 
gray, or cream-colour; others are dark brown, with a white, 
subcarinated band round the body; but most of them have a 
