Invouuvre. | 
Genus 3.—ARIoN.—Férussac. 
Shell an oblong mass of granular, spongy, corneous substance, 
enveloped in the mantle of the animal, sometimes consisting 
only of a few granules in a rudimentary condition. 
Section I—WShell oval and concave. 
1. ARION HORTENSIS. 
Variety 1. Animal black, with gray streaks. 
Arion hortensis, Férussac, Moll. 6, pl. 11, f. 4, 5, 6, VIII, 
a, f. 2, 3, 4; Gray, Med. Rep., 1821; Thompson, Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 18; Limax subfuscatus, Pfeiffer, pl. 
4, f.20; Limax hortensis, Grateloup, Moll. Dax., p. 55, f. 4; 
Limacellus variegatus, Turton, Man., p. 25, pl. 3, f. 16, shell; 
Limacella concava, Brard, p. 121, shell. 
Variety 2. Animal gray, with a black streak on both sides. 
Arion hortensis, var. B, Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 
105; Arion circumscriptus, Johnston, Edin. New Phil. Journ., 
V, p- 77; Limazx fasciatus, Nilsson, Fau. Suce., p. 3. 
Shell oval, misshapen, and somewhat concave. 
Inhabits woods in Great Britain and Ireland; in the latter 
country, Thompson says it is common throughout the North. 
Section II.—Shell, if any, nearly circular, spongy, and 
rudimentary. 
2. ARION EMPIRICORUM. 
Arion empiricorum, Férussac, Hist. Moll., 60, p. 17, pl. 1, f. 
23; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., Il, p. 105; Arion ater, 
Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 18; Limaz ater, 
Linné, Fau. Succ. p. 507; Miiller, Verm., II, p. 2; Draper- 
naud, p. 122, pl. 9, f. 3, 4,5, 6; Nunneley, Trans. Phil. Soc. 
Leeds, p. 46, pl. 1, f. 1, pl. 2, f. 1, pl. 1, f 1, 3, and 6; Limax 
Rufus, Drapernaud, p. 123, pl. 9, f. 6. 
Shell spongy, sub-hemispherical. 
This species is very common throughout Great Britain and 
Ireland, in gardens and woods. Miss M. Ball says the yellow 
variety is found in the North and South. 
Genus 4.—Limax.—Linneus. 
Shell oblong, subquadrate, scutiform, extremely thin, and 
crystalline; covered with a pale brown epidermis, which extends 
beyond the margin of the shell; apex rounded, not conyolute, 
but provided with a cavity at the top. 
Section I—Mantle of the animal produced behind ; shell 
depressed. 
1. Lrmax maximus, pl. XVIIL,* f. 17. 
Limax maximus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., p. 1081, No. 4; 
Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 18; Limar 
cinereus, Miiller, Verm., II, p. 8, No. 204; Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 
I, p- 3101; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 105; Forbes, 
Mal. Mon., p.6; Limax antiquorum, Férussac, Hist., p. 68, pl. 
4, f.8, a, f. 1, pl. 4, f. 4, shell; Zimaz maculatus, Leach, MSS.; 
Nunneley, Trans. Phil. Suc. Leeds, I, p. 46, pl. 1, f. 2; Lima- 
cella Parma, Brard, p. 110, pl. 4, f. 1, 2, 9, 10, shell; Zima- 
cellus Parma, Turton, Man., p. 24, pl. 2, f. 14, shell. 
Shell thin, cream-white, subdiaphanous, depressed, slightly 
concave internally ; aperture nearly the whole size of the shell, 
with the margin of the outer lip membranaceous, and very thin; 
external surface slightly wrinkled transversely, and sometimes 
MOLLUSCA. 55 
studded with minute, glistening, crystalline particles; apophysis 
of adhesion, small, prominent, situate on the extremity of the 
top, or broader end; opposite end rounded, and very thin. 
Length about six lines; breadth four lines. 
This species is common all over Great Britain and Ireland, 
and the Isle of Man, frequenting the bottoms of hedges and 
damp situations. 
The Rey. B. J. Clarke, of Tuam, has kindly sent me a draw- 
ing of a very distinct variety of this animal. 
Section II.—Shell depressed ; mantle of the animal short, 
and posteriorly rounded. 
2. Limax rFxavus, pl. XVIII,* f. 18. 
Limaz flavus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., p. 1082; Ib., Fau. Suec., 
p- 363, No. 2092; Pennant, Brit. Zool., IV, p.41; Latham, 
Linn. Trans., I, p. 182; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
VI, p. 18; Limax variegatus, Drapernaud, p. 127; Férussac, 
Prod., p. 21; Ib., Hist. Moll., p. 71, pl. 5, f. 1 to 6; Alder, 
Mag. Zool. and Bot., I, p. 105; Nunneley, Traus. Phil. Soc. 
Leeds, I, p. 47, pl. 1, f. 3; ZLimax succino colore, Lister, 
Conch., pl. 101, f. 6; Limacella concava, Brard, p. 121, pl. 4, 
f. 5, 6, 13, 14, shell; Limacellus variegatus, Turton, Man., p. 
25, pl. 3, f. 16. 
Shell extremely thin, shield-shaped, slightly concave; anterior 
edge a little rounded; posterior end mammilliform; of a pale, 
yellowish colour. 
Frequents cellars, in London and its vicinity, and has been 
met with at Oxford, Plymouth, Bristol, and Bath; and was dis- 
covered at Youghal, Ireland, by Robert Ball, Esq., and has also 
been found in the North by William Thompson, Esq., of 
Beifast. 
Section III.—Manile short, truncated behind ; shell thick, 
convex beneath, and oval. 
3. Liax carinatus, pl. XVIII,* f. 19. 
Limax carinatus, Leach, Moll., p. 73, pl. 8, f. 1; Alder, 
Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 105; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., VI, p. 63; Limax Sowerbii, Férussac, Hist. Moll., 
pl. 8, f.7, 8; Denson, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 694, f. 120, a, b; 
Limacella ungulata, Brard, p. 116, pl. 4, f. 3, 4, 11, 12; Zima- 
cellus ungulatus, Turton, Man., p. 25, pl. 3, f. 15. 
Shell oval, or rhombic, rather thick, and convex beneath, of 
a pale cream-white; margin rather broad, rufous towards the 
top; destitute of a membrane, and never concave. 
Mr. Clarke remarks, that “the peculiar thickening process in 
the centre gives them the appearance of having a marginal 
zone, or as if a smaller sized shell were placed on the top and 
centre of the larger, leaving a rather broad margin, which is 
usually of a rufous colour towards the top.” 
Inhabits gardens, in the vicinity of London, and at Hamp- 
stead; also at La Bergerie; Monivea, County of Galway, under 
stones in fields, and in tufted plants in gardens, according to the 
Rev. B. J. Clarke, by whom it was first noticed in Ireland. 
Mr. Thompson (p. 63) mentions a species obtained by him, 
in 1840, near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland, while on a tour with 
Professor Forbes, King’s College, London, and Robt. Ball, Esq., 
of the Castle, Dublin, which were more nearly allied to the Z. 
gagates of Drapernaud, than the British specimens of Z. cari- 
natus. Mr. Ball has since found it on the Circular road, Dublin. 
