74 MOLLUSCA. 
Genus 6.—Lima.—Bruguiére. 
Shell longitudinal, equivalve, inequilateral; sides somewhat 
thickened, and gaping; umbones divergent, their internal facets 
inclined outwards; hinge provided with two lateral teeth, one 
on each side in both valves, which become nearly obsolete in 
adult shells; area between the beaks to which the ligament is 
attached, tripartite; the middle or hinge pit rounded above, and 
contains the chief portion of the ligament, the remaining por- 
tions are attached to the somewhat elongated linear divisions ; 
muscular impression lateral, suborbicular, from the inner mar- 
gin of which the muscular impression of the mantle emanates, 
and traversing the outside of the valves in a circuitous form, 
appears to terminate near the beak; external surface covered 
with a very thin epidermis. 
1. Lima sutcata, pl. XXIII, f. 4, 5. 
Lima sulcata, First Ed., pl. 31, f. 4, 5; Leach, MSS., jep tile 
Lima subauricularia, Fleming, p. 388; Turton, Biv., p- 218; 
Pecten subauricularia, Montagu, Sup., p. 63. 
Shell white, pellucid, oblong-ovate, equilateral, and equivalve ; 
provided with small angular auricles; whole surface covered with 
numerous, longitudinal, divergent stri, with two opaque, cen- 
tral, rib-like projections emanating from the umbones, and ter- 
minating on the margins, which are crenated; inside smooth, 
glossy, with indications of the two external ribs. Length up- 
wards of three-eighths; breadth half its length. 
First discovered on the Devonshire coast, and has been met 
with in the Frith of Forth and Zetland. 
A variety of this shell was found in sand, south of Bute, by 
Stewart Ker, Esq., in which the two elevated central striae are 
not so conspicuous, but are indicated internally ; it also differs 
in all the striz on the sides having intermediate ones, which are 
less elevated than the others. 
2. Lima Frais, pl. XXIII, f. 6, 7, 7.* 
Lima fragilis, First Ed., pl. 31, f.6, 7; Lamarck, VI, p. 157; 
Fleming, p. 388; Forbes, p. 40; Zima bullata, Turton, p. 217, 
pl. 17, f.4, 5; Lima Goodallii, Leach, MSS., p- ll; Pecten 
Sragilis, Montagu, Sup., p. 62; Brown, Ency. Brit., p. 418. 
Shell subovate, very convex, fragile, white, subpellucid; valves 
equal, inequilateral, one side straight, the other arcuated, nearly 
closed on all sides, with numerous, slightly undulating, longitu- 
dinal striew, and with two or three minute, fine, intermediate 
ones; auricles small, oblique; umbo prominent, small, and 
straight, the beaks distant; inside smooth, shining, and white; 
hinge line a little oblique. Length upwards of three-quarters 
of an inch; breadth not quite half an inch. 
Found on the Devonshire and Manx coasts; and at Bute and 
Frith of Forth, Scotland. 
3. Lima TENERA, pl. XXIII, f. 8, 9. 
Lima tenera, First Ed., pl. 31, f. 8,9; Turton, Zool. Journ., 
II, p. 362, pl. 13, f. 2; Forbes, p- 41; Ib., Mag. Nat. Hist., V, 
p- 594, f. 64. 
Shell compressed, inequilateral, gaping at both sides; anterior 
side somewhat triangular, with the opening margined internally, 
with a strong rounded rib; external surface furnished with 
twenty-five somewhat undulated, nearly smooth ribs; margin 
serrated ; hinge line oblique. 
This species is much stronger than the Z. fragilis. 
First found in the British Channel, by Dr. Turton; Forbes 
[Maieacka. 
found it on the Manx coast; and it was detected at Lamlash 
Bay, Arran, by James Smith, Esq., of Jordan Hill. 
4, Lima vitrina, pl. XXIII, f. 10, 10,* 11, 11* 
Lima vitrina, First Ed., pl. 31, f. 10, 11. 
Shell oblong-ovate, convex, very fragile, white, and subpellu- 
cid; hinge line very oblique, with a large triangular pit for the 
accommodation of the cartilage socket; umbo small, and much 
turned to one side; whole shell considerably twisted; the valves 
gaping on both sides, with numerous, slightly undulated, notch- 
ed, divergent striae, crossed by exceedingly fine, undulating, 
concentric striae, not discoverable without the aid of a lens, and 
with many, nearly obsolete, concentric wrinkles; auricles small, 
slightly striated transversely ; inside clear white, and very glossy. 
Length nearly an inch and a half; breadth about an inch. 
I found one valve of this at Ballantrae, Ayrshire; and it was 
afterwards met with on the Argyleshire coast, by Captain Car- 
michael; and Mr. Stewart Ker found it on the shores of the 
Island of Bute. 
5. Lima INFLATA? 
Lima inflata? Forbes, Mag. Nat. Hist., V, p. 593, f. 633 Ib., 
Mal. Mon., p. 41; Lamarck, VI, p. 156? 
“Shell strong, inflated with rough longitudinal ribs, crossed 
by lines and furrows of growth; gaping on all sides widely. 
Dimensions, length fourteen-tenths; breadth nine-tenths; thick- 
ness nine-tenths.” 
Dredged in deep water off the Manx coast, by Professor 
Forbes. 
Section III.—Ligament marginal, elongated. 
Famity I.—MA.ieacka. 
Shells foliaceous, more or less inequivalve, with a marginal 
ligament, which is partly linear, and simple, or interrupted by 
crenulations. 
Genus 7.—AvicuLa—Lamarck. 
Shell inequilateral, inequivalve, foliaceous, subquadrate, and 
oblique; pearlaceous within; hinge rectilinear, and produced on 
each side into rectilinear appendages, with a small, indistinct 
tooth in both valves; an elongated, marginal, ligamentiferous 
area, widened near its centre. 
1. Avicuta Ancuica, pl. XXIII, f. 3. 
Avicula Anglica, First Ed., pl. 31, f. 3; Leach, MSS., p. 11. 
Shell very thin, with the hinge line but slightly bent; cardi- 
nal lobe short, and acute above; posterior lobe rather long; 
whole surface concentrically wrinkled, with imbricated, nearly 
equidistant, scale-like spines, running in transverse series ; out- 
side fawn-coloured, with interrupted, longitudinal streaks of 
umber-brown, becoming iridescent towards the base, besides the 
scales, which are attached to the elevated strie ; at regular inter- 
vals it is provided with long, sharp spines, of a yellowish-brown 
colour, which lie close to the shell. 
Discovered on the Devonshire coast, by Dr. Leach. 
2. Avicuta ATuantica, pl. XLVI, f. 6, 7. 
Avicula Atlantica, First Ed., pl. 10,* f.6; Lamarck, VI, p. 
148; Avicula hirundo, Turton, Biv., p. 220, pl. 17, f. 33; Fle- 
ming, p. 405; Mytilus hirundo, Turton, Conch. Dict., p. 101, 
pls fz. 
