J 8 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



For the construction of these he has recourse to 

 1. The proboscis [y). 2. The absence of it(z). 

 3. The wings {a). 4. The absence of them{b). 

 5. The aculeus (c). The distinctions of his families 

 are taken from the antennce (d), luings (e), abdo- 

 men (f), aculeus (g), and colour [h). The genus 

 j4pis, as I shall afterwards have occasion to ob- 

 servCj is under considerable obligations to this 

 author. 



Next to Scopoli comes GeofFroy, a writer of 

 considerable merit, but too much given to inno- 

 vation ; he had studied Linneus, and professes to 

 follow nature (/), \'et he falls into great errors by 

 departing from both. After Ray, he reunites the 

 Neuroptera and Hymenoptera classes under the 

 denomination of " Insect a tetraptera alis nudis ;" 

 and thus loses all the ground that had been gained 

 by Linneus. This class he divides into three sec- 

 tions, the first of which contains such of these 

 insects as have tarsi of three joints ; the second, 

 those whose tarsi hnve four joints ; and the third, 

 those whose tarsi consist of five joints. This last 

 section puts together, contrary to nature, their 

 economy, and affinities, Ephemera, Fhryganea, 

 Hemerobius, Myrmeleo, Panorpa, and the Hymer- 



(y) Apis. {% a) Sphcx, Vespa. (h) Formica, Miitilla. 



(c) Cymps,Tenthredo, Ichneumon, Sphex. (d) Tejjthredo, 

 Apis. N. B. In the latter, the circumstance which he has taken 

 for the characteristic of a family, is only a sexual distinction. 



(e) Ichneumon, (f) Ichneumoji, Sphex. (g h) Ichneumon^ 



(i) Hist. Ins. tom, 1. Disc. Prel. p. xvii. 



fiopteraf 



