INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 79 



the simplicity of the Linnean definitions, by the 

 insertion of a variety of additional characters. 

 Some of these are common to the class ; for in- 

 stance, the stemmata, and number of articula- 

 tions of the tarsi. Others are hastily adopted 

 without sufficient examination, as where he as- 

 signs only two palpi to Cynips and several other 

 genera, which in fact have four; and in his cha- 

 racter of Tenthredo, in which, instead of naming 

 six as the number of joints of the exterior palpi, 

 and four of the interior, he attributes to the 

 former, four only, and to the latter, two. Again, 

 others of his additional characters are not universal, 

 as when he says, under Tenthredo, " Lahio superi- 

 ore constanter cum pedihus concolore." In several 

 species of that genus this does not hold good(fl). 

 The character of Fespa he has much improved by 

 introducing the tongue. I shall copy his defini- 

 tion of ^pis. 



APIS. Os maxillis dentatis, atque prohoscide in- 



flexa, vaginis duabus bivalvibus linguam 



includentibus. 

 Caput triangulare, fronte plana, flexum. 

 Antenna sajpe pedatae, primo articulo reli- 



quis longiore. 

 Ala planse, in omni sexu. 

 Aculeus punctorius reconditus, retractilis^, 



serratus, feminis et neutris. 



(a) E. G. In Tenthredo FitelUnce, sericea, nitens, Lin. Hcolor, 

 £nvun. &c. 



Tarsi 



