24 LOLIGINID@. 
Faminy LOLIGINID &. 
Louico (Pliny), Lamarck, 1801. 
Calamary. Syn.—Pteroteuthis, Blainy. 
Distr.—31 sp.; all seas, Norway, United States, New Zealand. 
L. Pealii, Lesueur (xxv, 20-22). 
Body long, with posterior rhombic fins united behind ; mantle 
supported by a cervieal ridge and by cup-like cartilages on the 
base of the funnel or siphon; siphon valved, attached by bands 
to the head ; arms with two rows of suckers provided with horny, 
dentated rings; tentacular arms with four rows of suckers on 
their clubs. Fourth left arm hectocotylized at its extremity. 
Gladius feather-like, its shaft keeled on the ventral side. 
The calamaries are good swimmers; they are found in all parts 
of the world. Owen mentions that the pens are sometimes 
duplicated in old specimens, several being found packed closely, 
one behind another. The suckers on the margins of the pro- 
jections of the buccal membrane are doubtless additional prehen- 
sile organs very useful in assisting in holding the food to the 
mouth. There appear to be two types of form in the oladius or 
internal shell: that in which the wings are expanded, with convex 
margins,and that in which they are narrow, with nearly straight 
margins, 
The so-called artificial eyes of the ancient Indian mummies of 
Arica, Peru, are, according to Tschudi, the dried eyes of Loligo 
gigas inserted in lieu of the natural organs. According to 
Verrill, numbers of the young of the American Loligo Pealii are 
often found in the stomach of the red jelly-fish. Of L. pallida, 
a closely allied or identical species, Mr. Verrill says: ‘“ These 
squids are eagerly devoured, even when full-grown, by many of 
the larger fishes, such as blue -fish, black-bass, striped- bass, etc. 
When young they are preyed upon by a still larger variety of 
fishes. It is often taken in the seines in large numbers with 
menhaden, upon which it probably feeds.” 
On the 30th of November, 1860, the French steamer Alecton, 
commanded by Lieut. Bouyer, encountered, between Madeira 
and Teneriffe, an enormous Poulpe, which was swimming on the 
surface of the water. The animal measured 15 to 18 feet in 
length, without counting the formidable arms, covered with 
cups, which crowned its head. Its color was brick-red ; its eyes 
had a prodigious development and frightful fixity. Its mouth, 
like the beak of a parrot, could be opened to the extent of 18 
inches. Its body, fusiform but much swelled towards the centre, 
presented an enormous mass, the weight of which has been esti- 
mated at more than 4400 pounds. Its fins, situated at the 
posterior extremity, were rounded in two fleshy lobes and of 
