BUCCINID. 137 
across by a few lines ; the opening is a wide slit, lying just under 
the top which makes a narrow flap. 
‘“ Before leaving the capsule the fry are perfectly formed, with 
conspicuous tentacles, eyes, and operculum; their shell has two 
whorls, the first being smooth, and the other showing a few 
slight incipient striz. Each capsule produces only from two to 
four fry. The latter end of winter appears to be the spawning- 
season ; on the 26th of January, 1861, I examined fresh capsules 
which contained merely eggs immersed in a glairy liquid; and 
seven days afterwards I found in the other capsules full-sized and 
living young whelks.”’ 
JUMALA, Friele, 1882. (Chrysodomus, in part.) Central plate 
small, quadrangular, unarmed, laterals hooked, with two small 
teeth on the inner margin. WN. Turtoni, Bean. The dentition 
forms an insufficient distinction of this group from the typical 
Neptunee. 
vo.Lutopsis, Morch. (Syn.—Strombella, Gray.) Shell smooth, 
ovate, ventricose ; spire short, apex bulbaceous ; last whorl rather 
large ; aperture very large, the lip considerably expanded; canal 
scarcely produced, widely obliquely truncate. Operculum irreg- 
ularly ovate, with apical nucleus. N. Norvegica, Chemn. (xlix, 8). 
The shells of this division are characterized by their large 
mouths, expanded lips, want of distinctly produced canal, ete. 
The small operculum is (in V. Norvegica) more ovate than in 
the true Neptunez; the dentition also, varies from the typical 
form. Volutopsis appears to stand between Neptunea and 
Buccinum. 
HELIOTROPIS, Dall. (Pyrulofusus, Beck.) Shell thin, sinistral, 
apex mammillated. Operculum relatively very small. 
The essential character of this group is the reversed direction 
of the spire, placing the aperture on the left instead of the right 
side of the shell. The principal species have been considered 
by good conchologists as mere monstrosities of dextral species ; 
thus Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys regards N. contraria, Linn. (xlix, 9) 
as equivalent to N.antiqua. But of this species it has been 
shown that it has an extensive distribution in Southern Europe, 
where the normal JN. antiqua is unknown, and that the so-called 
reversed antiqua is very rare where the normal form is abundant. 
SipHo, Klein. 
Syn.—Atractus, Agassiz. Tritonofusus, Beck. 
Distr.—37 sp. Arctic and Boreal, Atlantic and Pacific, Europe, 
Asia and America. S. ventricosus, Gray (xlix, 10). 
Shell thin, pyriform or fusiform, not tuberculate or spiny, 
usually smooth and rounded whorls ; spire moderate ; canal pro- 
duced and recurved. Operculum ovate, nucleus apical. 
10 
