TURBINIDZ. 305 
etc., as well as for buttons, earrings, buckles, etc. The light- 
greenish iridescent play of color of this shell is more ornamental 
than that of the ordinary white mother-of-pearl. Fine large 
shells of this species formed the drinking goblets of the Scandi- 
navian monarchs, and are often still met with, very elegantly 
mounted and set with jewels. The Turk’s cap (7. sarmaticus) 
is less extensively used for similar purposes.—Simmonps, Com- 
mercial Products of the Sea, 293. 
SARMATICUS, Gray. (Cidaris, Swains.) Shell nodulous. Differs 
from Turbo principally in having a black layer between the outer 
opaque and inner pearly layers of the shell; it forms a dark zone 
between the edges of the two coats just within the aperture, and 
is frequently exposed on the upper part of the columella by 
absorption of the outer layer. Australia, New Zealand. 
SENEcTUS, Humph. Shell solid, with revolving, squamose or 
spinose ridges covering the whorls; axis usually narrowly per- 
forated ; aperture usually slightly produced in front, with some- 
times a short channel. 25 sp. Indian and Pacific O., West 
Indies. TJ. margaritaceus, Reeve (Ixxix, 11). 
ocANA, Adams. Shell turbinate, solid, smooth; axis imper- 
forate; spire short, conical; aperture subcircular, wider than 
long; inner lip flattened, excavated, scarcely produced anteriorly, 
with an extended thin callus. Operculum with a convex, gran- 
war spiral rib, axis deeply perforated, outer edge simple. 7. 
cidaris, Gmelin (Ixxx, 19). Cape of Good Hope. 
MARMOROSTOMA, Swains. (Lunella, Bolt.) Shell thick, smooth 
or tuberculate; aperture produced in front; columellar callus 
covering the axis, which is umbilicated, however; the umbilicus 
often at the upper end of a curved channel in the callus. Oper- 
culum spiral, with central nucleus, and an indistinct, subcentral, 
external rib. 5sp. Ind. and Pacific Oceans. TZ. coronatus, 
Gmel..(1xxx, 20, 21). 
MODELIA, Gray. Shell rather thin, granular. Operculum gran- 
ulous externally, with a semicircular ridge on the edge. Aus- 
tralia, N. Zealand. JZ’. rubicundus, Reeve (1xxx, 27). 
AMYXA, Troschel. (Prisogaster, Morch.) Shell solid, turbi- 
nated with elevated spire; whorls with revolving riblets; aperture 
rounded ; inner lip sillonated ; outer lip black-bordered and sub- 
crenulated within. Operculum as in Modelia. The animal of 
this subgenus, figured by d’Orbigny, appears to be furnished with 
a single, elongated, posterior filament, numerous shorter, anterior, 
tentacular filaments on the lateral membrane of the foot, and two 
conspicuous cirri on the sides of the opercular lobe. 2 sp. 
West Coast of tropical America. 7. niger, Gray (1xxx, 28). 
CALLOPOMA, Gray. Shell turbinated-elevated, not umbilicated ; 
whorls angulated or nodulous; aperture rounded, produced in 
front ; inner lip wide, sillonated. Operculum with a-spiral central 
