aes Li NGUISHING THE SPECIES 145 
spring while the workers and the males do not 
begin to appear until the approach of summer. 
The skin of the humble-bee is black, so that all 
fore wing = == antenna 
HEAD 
THORAX 
per Segment 
2 . 
Sn. (ABDOMEN 





base  erelias 
and 
corbicula or pes len baskeé 





metatarsus 
56h. 5 
Gch 
Qu EEN apex of abdomen 
flagell 3 ocelli or simple eyes 
agé/ium 
fore leg aarti Brey ine. SW WG 
middle leq. : MO Mh~scape 4th. u WES eve 
SSS S ae ap 5A 7 A 4 . 


clypeus 
mandible 
Oorjaw 
maxilla 
forcep 
wand 
Armature or MALE 
Fic. 25.—External anatomy of Bomédus ruderatus, 
colour is in the coat, but in some of the species the 
feet are more or less testaceous. 
The colour patterns of the coat on the upper 
surface of the body differ more or less in each 
species, and generally afford the readiest means of 
distinguishing one species from another. But in 
E 
