84 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Pivipla. 



vai/n's in its short cheeks, apically depressed and somewhat deeply emar- 

 ginate clypeus, subeniarginate eyes the inner orbits of which are not 

 parallel, centrally subretused vertex, centrally not very distinct occipital 

 costa, filiform antennae, distinct notauli, circular metathoric spiracles and 

 incomplete areae, the position of tiic nervellus, narrow abdominal 

 epipleurae and lobate 9 onychii ; the latter, however, has the front 

 femora simple, the second segment subquadrate and is obviously distinct, 



Schmiedeknecht, placing little reliance upon the length of the terebra, 

 suggests the synonymy with his P. calobata of P. brunnea, Brisch., in which 

 it is two-thirds the abdominal length, P. cingulatiUa, Costa, about equal 

 length, and P. cingiilata, Ratz., in which it is as long as the whole body. 



Ratzeburg bred (I.e.) two females of this species from a large num- 

 ber of beech-nuts in which a few lar^'ae of Tortrix splaididana had been 

 feeding ; with them appeared Braam cordiger, Nees. ToAAards the end 

 ot May, Nordlinger (i.e. ii. 90) found these females swarming on the 

 window of a room at Hohenheim, in which beech-nuts bored by Ctircidio 

 nucu?n, were stored ; Zeller also bred a single female on 1 8th April from 

 acorns, "hence probably from the j9^//<7;//;//av within them." The latter host 

 is regarded as doubtful by Ratzeburg (iii. 250) and the former not even 

 referred to (iii. 261). From two collections of fallen acorns, in which the 

 larvae of some unknown and already emerged insects has subsisted, 

 Tschek raised between 14th April and 3rd May thirteen females and two 

 males of P. fiucmn, Ratz. which was the only parasite bred ; there was 

 in these no disparity in the length of the terebra nor in any other struc- 

 tural character. The previously unknown male emerged in both collec- 

 tions at the same time as the first female, with which, he says, there is no 

 doubt whatever of their correct association. Schmiedeknecht says he has 

 taken many females in Thuringia flying round oaks in September, though 

 it is doubtful to what species he refers. Thomson says his P. calobata was 

 bred from Cynips terinmalis^ in the Isle of Oland, and argues that it is 

 consequently synonymous with that of Ratzeburg, which Reissig bred from 

 galls of the same host at the end of March in Germanv. 



Wilson records this species (Yorks. Nat. 1881, p. 153) from the neigh- 

 bourhood of York and it is said (Vict. Hist.) to have occurred at Hastings; 

 but probably both Bignell's record of it as bred on 15th August from a 

 pupa of Diafiihecia, the larva of which had fed upon Lychnis diurna, and 

 the record of it in Proc. S. Lond. Soc. 1896, as bred from some lepidop- 

 teron in thistle-stems at Howth, refer to P. calobata, Grav. I have taken 

 but a single pair, both in woods among oaks : the J at Monk Park\\'ood 

 and the 9 i'l Bentley Woods, both in Suffolk in INIay; Capron took a 

 single female about Shere, in Surrey ; and 1 also possess two females and 

 one male, all captured at tlie same time at Giffnock, in Scotland, on 26th 

 May, 1899, by Dalglish. None of the six specimens exceed six milli- 

 metres in length. This species is recorded, probably unreliably, from 

 Tortrix sorb/ana, Ephippiphora faeiiearia, Eupaccilia ciliana, a Lithocollcl is on 

 birch (Kntom. 1883, p. 67), Gelechia ajithyllidella, G. inopella and Laverna 

 epilobit'lla {lib. cit. 1884, p. 71) and from Eiipithecia linariata (Buckler). 

 Mr. Bankes has bred a female at Corfe Castle, in Dorset, between ist 

 and 9th June, 1903, from Chpsis rusticatia, Tr. ; the only doubt upon the 

 circumstance being founded on the small size of the host. There is a 

 pair of both sexes in Marshall's collection, in the British Museum, bred by 

 Bignell "from Glyph [^ipteryx] Haivorthiana, i8th May, '91;" and I have 

 also seen females raised bv the latter from Coccyx strobilella in spruce fir 

 cones from Rannock. 



