110 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Pinipla. 



Very like P. ru/ata, but with the markings of the whole body and 

 structure of the basal segment, which is canaliculate to the apex, different ; 

 from P. ange?is, it may be known by the oval metathoracic spiracles and 

 the deeply impressed fovea on either side of the second segment ( Holm- 

 gren). Both sexes differ from P. ru/ata in the tibiae having no determin- 

 ate white band and the basal segment with centrally elevated carinae ; 

 the 9 in all the claws dentate, orbits immaculate or rarely the frontal and 

 a dot at the vertical pale, the mesonotum with no pale vittae, tegulae 

 generally black, scutellum with a transverse fiavo-citrinous mark or rarely 

 immaculate, basal mctanotal area short and apically explanate, anterior 

 coxae basallv black ; the J in the partly black face with the frontal and 

 a dot at the vertical orbits pale, mesonotum with no humeral and rarely 

 two discal lines pale, and the seventh segment closely and strongly punc- 

 tate (Thomson). 



Extremely closely allied to the next-described species {q.v) 



Gravenhorst, who first recorded it from Britain and noticed it in Germany 

 as late as October, represents the larva of this species hibernating in the 

 chrysalis of Bonibyx libatrix: it became a pupa on 23rd April and emerged 

 on 8th May ; he adds that Scopoli bred it from pupae of PapUio cratacgi 

 and Noctua brassican'a and Scharfenberg from Papilio crataegi and P. poly- 

 chloros. Rosel also raised it from the pupa of Aporia crataegi and Ratze- 

 burg from those of Botnhvx monacha, Botys verticalis and both sexes in 

 August from a Tenthredo larva. Taschenberg, who seems to have con- 

 siderably mixed the older records of this and the next species ( followed 

 by Schmiedeknecht and Tosquinet), adds Papilio brassicae, Limenitis cam- 

 ilia and Liparis salicis to its hosts ; and Giraud also bred it from Pieris 

 brassicae, Aporia crataegi and Neptis lucilla. 



It is recorded in Britain from Bickleigh in Devon, as late as the middle 

 of September (Bignell); Norfolk (Bridgman); York (Wilson, Yorks. Nat. 

 1881, p. 153); Huddersfield and Scarborourgh (Trans. Yorks. N.U. 1882, 

 p. 108); Ely, not rare in 1833 (Jenyns); Essex (Harwood) and Hastings 

 (Vict. Hist. Sussex). I have seen it from Copdock in Suffolk, taken by 

 Hocking; Bunny, near Nottingham, bred in 1898 from Thecla w-album, 

 by Prof. Carr; Retford and Treswell Woods in Notts, and Cadney in 

 Lines., taken by Thornley ; Shere, in Surrey, by Capron ; Felden, in 

 Herts., by Pififard; Bewdley, by W. P^llis; New Forest, by Miss Chawner; 

 Lynmouth, by Charbonnier ; Brockenhurst, by Cross ; and Bury St. Ed- 

 munds, by Tuck. 



Mr. E. Shaw has given me a specimen bred at Worcester from a pupa of 

 Vanessa c -album, \.(t^V in a cold cellar, in February, 1903; and I have 

 another bred in the New Forest from a Tortrix chrysalis, which emerged 

 almost from the extreme capital end, though a little to one side of it. It 

 is, perhaps, a slightly commoner form than the next species, but I have 

 rarely met with it : at Henley and Monks' Soham, in Suffolk, on house- 

 windows in June and July, and at Denny Wood in the New Forest, in the 

 middle of August. It ranges throughout pAirope and is nowhere uncom- 

 mon. A male of this species, upon the strength of which Marshall erron- 

 eously brought forward P. ovivora as British (Ent. Ann. 1874, p. 125), is 

 still in his collection, minus its head, in the British Museum, under that 

 name and is labelled "from ( Cymatophora) flavicornisr 



