112 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Orlhopelma. 



castaneous and minute, as also are the mandibles. These are the only 

 markings with the exception of the sub-infuscate rudimentary labium 

 below and between the latter. The frontal marks representing antennae, 

 indicated in figure i a, are hardly darker than the ground colour, though 

 slightly elevated. I'rogression is effected by the elongate apical segment. 

 When touched the movement of the body is vertical and not lateral ; it is, 

 however, very sluggish. Length (in jiosition figured), 3 mm. 



The pupa (see figure 2) is of the same colour as the larva, though much 

 less fleshy, the abdominal segments being less rounded ; and at least the 

 antennae and tibiae are in distinct sheaths. The only markings are the 

 eyes and the ocelli, which are pale castaneous, the mandibles being of the 

 same ground colour. The insect is still capable of the vertical movement 

 noted in the larva. Of course when the time of maturity approaches the 

 dark coloration gradually spreads till it is universal. Length (in position 

 figured), 3 mm. 



This species is a very common parasite in the bedeguar rose galls, 

 preying upOn the larvae of the maker, Rhodites rosae, whence Bridg.- 

 Fitch say they emerge during the second year, but I have often bred them 

 in the first. Thus in January, 1900, I gathered a gall of this Cyni[)id, 

 from which m^\e?. o{ luteola for heg^xn to emerge on May the nth following, 

 and continued to do so, together with the host, until June 8th ; in all 

 thirty-six specimens, only two of which were females, emerged. At 

 another time eleven males and two females emerged from the same kind 

 of gall between the i8th and end of June. The galls are, however, by no 

 means always infested with the parasite, for examples gathered at Ryde 

 contained none and at Wrentham in Suffolk one produced forty makers 

 but no parasites. It is common in Suffolk, in Norfolk, about Hastings, 

 Maldon in Essex and Shere in Surrey ; Bedwell has taken it at Boxhill, 

 Charbonnier at Bristol, Dalglish a long series at Gifnoch ; and I have 

 found it on my study window in Ipswich, where were galls of Cvnips 

 Ko/lari, though none of Rhodites. Bignell has bred it in Devonshire from 

 the gall oi Aiilax hieracii on Hieracium twibellatum (Entom. 1885, p. 152) ; 

 it has been bred from Rhodites eghfiteriae and R. rosariim ; Tischbem 

 bred it from oak galls and Taschenberg from the infected thistle heads of 

 Car/itia vulgaris. Laboulbene, probably incorrectly, gives it as parasitic 

 upon Vaiiessa urticae. No relationship is yet suggested between this 

 species and the Ophionid, Porizon harpiinis, Schr., which is frequently 

 bred from the same kind of galls. 



2. brevicornis, sp. n. 



A small, pubescent, black species, with red tibiae, anterior femora and, 

 for the most part, abdomen ; and with antennae and terebra very short. 

 9 . Length, 4^ mm. 



This species so closely shares all the features of O. luteolator as to 

 demand no particular description. Therefrom, however, it is abundantly 

 distinct in its black mandibles which are strongly protuberant ; the an- 

 tennae are incrassate, apically obtuse and do not reach the apex of the 

 metathorax, with only thirteen flagellar joints ; the areola is parallel-sided 

 and sub confluent with the very short petiolar area ; terebra very short and 

 about two-thirds the length of the basal segment. 



