XVili PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS. 
Turt. M. (or Man.) Turton’s Manual of the Land and Freshwater 
Shells of the British Islands, 1831. 
Valen. in Humb. (or Humboldt Voy. or Hum. Zool.) Valenciennes 
in the ‘Recueil &c. Zoologie’ of Humboldt and Bonpland’s 
Travels. Ended in 1832. 
Valene. (or Val.) Venus (or Ven.) Valenciennes in the Voyage de la 
Venus; from 1846. 
Valent. (or Val.) Amboy. (or Amb.) — Valentyn’s Abhandl. von 
Schnecken &c. Amboyno, 1773. No scientific names. 
Voy. Ast. = Quoy, Ast. 
Voyage de la Venus = Valence. Venus. 
W. or Wood. Wood’s Index Testaceologicus ; ed. 1 (no plates) 1818 ; 
ed. 2, 1828. 
Wagn. Test. Braz. = Spix. 
Wern. Mem. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural-Historical Society. 
Wieg. Arc. (or Arch.) Wiegmann’s Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte ; 
from 1835. 
Wood, G. C. Wood’s General Conchology, 1815. 
W. S. or Wood Sup. Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus, 
1828. 
Voodw. Woodward's Manual of the Mollusca; pt. 2, 1854. 
Zeit. Mal. Menke’s Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie; vol. i. 1844; 
ii, 1845; i. 1846; &e. 
Zieg. Ziegler’s MS. names adopted by Rossmiassler. 
Zool. D. = Muller, Zool. D. ; 
Z. (or Zool.) Il. = Swain. Z. I. 
————. J. The Zoological Journal; vol. i. 1824, 1825; ii. 
1825, 1826; mi. 1827, 1828; iv. 1828, 1829; v. 1829 to 
1834. 
—— M. Gray’s Zoological Miscellany, 1831. 
P. (or Proc.) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of 
London. 
Z.T. (or Tr.) Transactions of the Zoological Society of London ; 
vol. 1. 1833 to 18386. 

