270 



ZOOGEOGRAPHY 



TABLE 7. ISOPOD SPECIES OCCURRING AT BERMUDA 



Alcirona krebsi Hansen, 1890 

 *Anthomuda stenotelson Schultz, 1979 

 *Apanthura harringtoniensis Wagele, 



1981 

 *Arubolana aruboides (Bowman and 



Iliffe, 1983) 

 * Atlantasellus cavemicolus Sket, 1979 

 Bopyrissa wolffi Markham, 1978 

 Carwricepon choprae (Nierstrasz and 



Brender a Brandis, 1925) 

 Carpias bermudensis Richardson, 1902 

 *Carpias minutus (Richardson, 1902) 

 *Colanthura tenuis Richardson, 1902 

 Colopisthus parvus ^chdirdson, 1902 

 * Curassanthura bermudensis Wagele, 



1985 

 Dynamerulla perforata (Moore, 1901) 

 Eurydice personata Kensley, 1987b 



Excorallana quadricornis (Hansen, 1890) 

 Joeropsis rathbunae Richardson, 1902 

 Leidya bimini Pearse, 1951 

 Paracerceis caudata (Say, 1818) 

 Paranthura infundibulata Richardson, 



1902 

 Pendanthura tanaiformis Menzies and 



Glynn, 1968 

 Parathelges piriformis Markham, 1972b 

 Parathelges tumidipes Markham, 1972b 

 Probopyrinella latreuticola (Gissler, 



1882) 

 Pseudione affinis (Sars, 1882) 

 *Stegias clibanarii Richardson, 1904 

 Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson, 1902 

 Stenobermuda acutirostrata Schultz, 1979 

 Synsynella choprae (Pearse, 1932) 

 Synsynella deformans Hay, 1917 



* recorded only from Bermuda 



The anthuridean cave representatives are found in two families: the genus 

 Curassanthura Kensley in the Paranthuridae, and the genus Cyathura subgenus 

 Stygocyathura Botosaneanu and Stock in the Anthuridae (see Figure 110). 



Three species of Curassanthura are known, one each from Curasao, Ber- 

 muda, and Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. Curassanthura halma Kensley, 

 from Curasao, is an interstitial form found in hypersaline waters. Curas- 

 santhura bermudensis Wagele was found in water of about 26%o salinity. The 

 Lanzarote species, C. canariensis Wagele, came from seawater in a lava cave. 

 Wagele (1985) suggests that this amphi-Atlantic distribution o{ Curassanthura 

 is the result of plate tectonics separating an ancestral hypogean progenitor 

 that had a Tethyan distribution. 



The genus Cyathura has representatives in the sea, in estuarine-brackish 

 habitats, and in freshwater caves, and is found in the Atlantic, Indian, and 

 Pacific oceans. This widespread distribution suggests a very long history for 

 the genus. Using the morphology of the male copulatory stylet, Wagele 

 (1985) suggests that marine ancestors, having a Tethyan distribution, en- 

 tered freshwater interstitial habitats. The series of regressions of sea level 

 during the Pleistocene probably served further to isolate these freshwater 

 forms. 



