FRESH-WATER SHELLS. I9 



abounded/ and similarly, in Birmingham, according to 

 Mr. Sherriff Tye, it abounds in the town supply pipes, • 

 derived, no doubt, from the reservoirs at Aston ; 

 Mr. J. Macgillivray, it may be added, once observed 

 great numbers of Nei-itina fliiviatilis and a LiinncEa in 

 some large water-pipes which had been taken up near 

 St. Luke's Hospital in the City Road, and other species 

 were seen there by Mr. E. Newman, who also visited 

 the spot.' Mr. Standen tells me that the lake in 

 Alexandra Park, Manchester (fully seventy yards from 

 the nearest pond), dug out of the peat and underlying 

 clay in the open fields, lined with concrete, and destitute 

 of introduced plants — filled through pipes with Man- 

 chester supply water — was found to contain, within two 

 or three years after its excavation, Sphceria and Pisidia, 

 together with Planorbis spirorbis^ Planorbis vortex, 

 Planorbis carinatiis, LimncBa peregra, and Limncea 

 palustris, all in good numbers, and the great upper lake 

 at Belle Vue Gardens, Gorton, he says, similarly formed 

 and filled with water, now contains Sphceriuin cornetnn, 

 Pisidium aniniann^ Bythinia tentaculaia, Valvata pis- 

 cinalis, Planorbis albiis, Planorbis carinatus, Limncea 

 peregra, and Limncea palustris. Physa gibbosa [genus 

 Bnlinus^ was taken abundantly, in 1887, in an iron tank, 

 " supplied with city water," on the roof of a sugar 

 refinery in Sydney ; ^ the water probably came, as 

 Mr. Musson tells me, either from the Botany Swamps 



^ Dyson, as quoted by R. Standen/' Naturalist," 1887, pp. 159-60. 



2 J. Macgillivray, " Zoologist," x. (1852), 3420. 



3 Steel, " Proc. Lin. Soc. N.S.VV.," (2), ii. (1888), 196. 



C 2 



