LAND SHELLS: THEIR TENACITY OF LIFE. Ill 



originally placed. I have also a few specimens of a 

 minute Madeira species, He/iv lentigmosa, Lowe, which 

 I have ascertained to be alive, although they are so 

 small that it is difficult to conceive how sufficient mois- 

 ture to support life can have been retained through this 

 long period." ^ 



Three specimens of Helix bicarinata (Porto Santo), 

 recently obtained from an English dealer and kept by 

 Mr. Gude in a glass-topped box for fifteen or sixteen 

 months, on being tested in water, proved to be alive and 

 crawled freely about among damp moss. 



BULIMUS PALLIDIOR is said to have survived confine- 

 ment in a box, without food, during a period exceeding 

 two years and two months : a living individual exhibited 

 by Dr. Stearns at a meeting of the California Academy 

 of Sciences in 1875 was stated to be one of nine which 

 had been collected in Lower California in March, 1873, 

 kept in a box undisturbed till June, 1875, and then 

 revived in a jar containing some vegetable food 

 and a small quantity of tepid water ; subsequently, 

 however, all had died, except the one exhibited, 

 which, though not very active, seemed in pretty good 

 health.' 



^ J. S. Gaskoin," Proc. Zool. Soc," 1850, pp. 243-4: Woodward 

 and Wollaston, "Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist," (2), vi. (1850), 

 pp. 489-90; and see also Woodward's " Manual," ed 4, rep. 1890, 

 p. 14. 



"" R. E. C. Stearns, "Am. Nat.," xi. (1877), 100; and "Proc. 

 California Academy of Sciences," October i8th, 1875, ^s quoted in 

 " Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.," (4), xix., pp. 355-6 and " Quart. Journ. 

 Conch.," i., p. 218. 



