DISPERSAL BY MAN. 253 



shell of the same species, " only recently dead/' on the 

 sands at Filey on the coast of the same county doubt- 

 less strengthens such a supposition. Both specimens 

 were probably imported with ships' ballast. Another 

 shell of the same species, presumably dead, has been 

 found on the moors near Cardiff, on which ballast is 

 often deposited.^ 



Helix carthaginiensis Rossm. A specimen of 

 this Spanish snail, found alive on the Cardiff moors by 

 Mr. Wotton — probably introduced with ballast — was 

 shown at a meeting of the Conchological Society in 

 1883 ; with it, a few dead-shells of the same species had 

 also occurred." 



Helix villosa Drap., a native of central Europe, 

 has also been found at or near Cardiff, Mrs. David 

 Robertson, of Glasgow, having taken four living speci- 

 mens, in August, 1873, while searching for Ostracoda 

 in the ditches on the moors. In 1877, Jeffreys re- 

 corded the species, in the "Annals and Magazine," as 

 *' an addition to our moUusca," on the strength of which 

 it appeared (marked as doubtfully British) in the 

 Conchological Society's list of 1883. It is now clear, 

 however, that the animal has no claim whatever to be 

 regarded as native to this country. It has not even 



' J. W. Taylor, "' Journ. of Conch.," v. (1886), p. 81 ; " Naturalist,'' 

 1886, p. 251; W. E. Clarke and others, " NaturaUst," 1886, 

 p. 207; J. H. Salter, "Nat. Hist. Journ.," ix. (1885), p. 187 ; E. 

 Colher, "Journ. of Conch.," iv. (1884), PP- 15I5 214. 



^ Proc. Conch. Soc, "Journ. of Conch.," iv. (1884), p. 151 ; E. 

 Collier, p. 214. 



