284 



INDEX. 



adhering to pond-weed, 53. 

 tenacity of life of, 221. 

 Planorbis dilatatiis in England, 

 209, 221. 

 found in a cistern, 20, 224. 

 P. glaber, specimens of, perhaps 

 introduced into England, 210. 

 P. uanHleus amongst floating weed, 



34. 



Plants, dispersal with, 34, 51, 133, 

 139, 170.1, 182, 195, 198, 

 201, 207-S, 224, 226, 228, 

 231, 247, 250, 252, 254-5, 

 257, 260-2. 



Pleurocera, dispersal of by floods, 



33. 



Pliocene land-shells, 115. 

 Plover caught by an oyster, 61. 

 Polyphyletic descent, 3. 

 Pond-weed, shells adhering to, 34, 



S3. 

 Ponds, shells in, alter being long 



dry, 25. 

 Ponds, isolated, 5 et seq. 



additions to the fauna of an 



isolated pond near Leeds, 14. 

 probably stocked by water- 

 beetles, 69. 

 and birds, 82. 

 absence of operculate snails 



from, 86. 

 Porto Santo, its land-shell- fauna 

 not common to Madeira, 91. 

 shells from, probably carried 



to Madeira with stone, have 



not established themselves, 



96. 

 European shells in, 97. 

 tenacity of life of snails of, 109, 



in- 

 Portuguese, introduction of a Li»i- 



ncea into Madeira by the, 25, 



181. 

 dispersal of land-shells by the, 



200, 203. 

 Poulton, E. B., on tenacity of life 



in Testacella, 168. 

 Preston, pond-snail on the tower of 



a church at, 5, 165. 

 Hyalinia draparnaldi in a 



greenhouse at, 199. 



Puddles, shells in, 23, 25. 

 Pulteney, on Helix poinatia in 



Britain, 237. 

 Pumas, landed by means of floating 



rafts, 130. 

 Pumice, floating, probable dispersal 



by, 124, 139, 174. 

 Pupa, wide range of, 92. 



in Palaeozoic coal measures of 



Nova Scotia, 115. 

 Pupa cinereaf in Britain, 234. 

 P. muscoritm in the crop of a bird, 



160. 

 P. tridensy tenacity of life of, 113. 

 P. umhilicata carried by a larger 



snail, 155. 



QiFRquEDULA BiscoRs, musscl Carried 

 by, 80. 



R. 



Racoons entrapped by bivalves, 



59- 

 Rae, W. D., on Physa acuta in 



Scotland, 226. 

 Rafts. See Floating Islands. 

 Rails caught by oysters, 60. 

 Railway ballast, dispersal with, 197, 



252. 

 Raisins, shell amongst, 263. 

 Rat, oyster closing upon the tail of, 



58. 

 mussel closing upon the foot of, 



83. 

 carrying snails, 155. 

 Redcar, colonization at, 186. 

 Redding, Sir R., mussels clinging 



by closure, 57. 

 Redshank, bivalve clinging to, 79. 

 Redwings, probable dispersal by, 



165. 

 Reeve, L., on *' facilities of migra- 

 tion," 86, 95. 

 on multiple specific centres, 



118. 

 on Dreissena poly^tiorpka and 



