286 



INDEX. 



Sanger, E. B., on shells in flood- 



water, ^^. 

 Sankey, R. H. , on tenacity of life in 



Rhaphaitlus, 114. 

 Sark, attempted colonization in, 



189. 

 Saunders, H., shells not seen upon 



the feet of birds by, 50. 

 Scarborough, colonization of Helix 



pomatia near, 186. 

 Schaff, Mr., bivalve clinging to a 



redshank, 79. 

 Scharfif, R. F., on shells in alluvium, 



141, 142. 

 on the dispersal of slugs, 172, 



175- 



eggs of a slug found in a tree- 

 trunk by, 173. 



on Testacella wa?/^^z in Britain, 

 229. 

 Scotland, shower of leaves in, 148, 



153- 

 attempted colonization of Helix 



pomatia in, 187. 

 Dreissena polyvwrpha in, 216. 

 Physa acuta in, 226. 

 Clausilia papillaris in, 261. 

 Scouler, J., on Dreissena polyinorpha 



in Scotland, 216. 

 Sea, fresh-water organisms derived 



from the, 3. 

 Sea-water. See Salt-water. 

 Semper, K., on polyphyletic de- 

 scent, 3. 

 on the distribution of Trocho- 



morpha., 90. 

 on dispersal by ocean currents, 

 120, 136. 

 Sharp, D., on the carrying powers of 



water-beetles, 6"]. 

 Sheep, probable dispersal by, 12. 

 Shell-collectors, probable dispersal 

 by, 13, 16,258. 

 And see Colonization. 

 Shells. See Molluscs. 

 Ships, snails carried by, as " live 



sea stock," 203. 

 Ships' ballast, dispersal with, 196, 



245-7, 252.4. 

 Shops, foreign snails found in, 201, 

 255, 263. 



Shoveller-duck, caught by an otter's 



shell, 60. 

 Showers of fish, 43. 



of frogs, 43, 44. 



of water-beetles, 44. 



of fresh-water mussels, 44. 



of leaves, 148. 



of hay, 153. 



of snails, 154. 

 Simpson, C. T., on dispersal by 

 floods, 33. 



on dispersal of fresh-water 

 shells by marine currents, 37. 



on drift-wood, 127, 134. 



on dispersal of large tree-snails, 



137. 

 Simroth, Dr., on dispersal of Testa- 



cellse, 171. 

 Skuas cause other birds to eject 



the contents of their crops, 



163. 

 Slugs, dispersal of, 167, 207. 



cannot bear long exposure, 167, 



175- 



tenacity of life of, 167. 



wide ranges of, 172. 



allow themselves to drop from 

 small objects, 174. 



introduced species in Austral- 

 asia, 178, 180. 



supposed destruction of snail- 

 colonies by, 194. 

 Smith, E. A., on the egg-capsules 

 of A^ej'itiua, 41. 



on extermination of native 

 species in St. Helena, 94, 

 182. 



on Helix terrestris in Britain, 

 232. 

 Smyth, W. H., on floating timber, 



131- 



Snails. See Molluscs. 

 Snapping-turtle, a mussel carried by, 



83- 



Snipe, earth adhering to, 54. 



cockle clinging to, 60. 



SpJueriiim clinging to, 81. 

 Soil. See Earth. 



South Downs, isolated ponds of, 6. 

 Southport, Helix pisana planted at, 

 190. 



