98 OF THE CULM. 



cavus, hollow, as in Cineraria palustris, t. 151, as 

 well as Hemlock, and many umbelliferous plants be- 

 sides. 



Plants destitute of a stem are called acaules, stem- 

 less, as Cypripedium acaule, Curt. Mag, t. 192, and 

 Carduus acauUs, Engl. Bot. t. I6l. Such plants, 

 when they belong to a genus or family generally fur- 

 nished with stems, as in these instances and Carlina 

 acauUs, Camer. Epit. 428, are liable from occasional 

 luxuriance to acquire some degree of stem, but seldom 

 othervsise*. Pinguicida, Engl. Bot. t. 70 and 145, is 

 a genus invariably stemless, w^hile Primula, t. 4, 5, 6 

 ^nd 513, is much less truly so. The term acaulis 

 however must never be too rigidly understood, for 

 logical precision is rarely applicable to natural pro- 

 ductions. 



Caulis fasciculatus, a clustered stem, is a disease or 

 accident, in which several branches or stems are 

 united longitudinally into a flat broad figure, 

 crowded with leaves or flowers at the extremity. 

 It occurs in the Ash, several species of DaphiKy 

 Ranunculus., Antirrhinum, Sec. In PisumcomO' 

 sum of Rivinus, called the Top-knot Pea, it is 

 a permanent variety propagated by seed. 



2. CuLMUS. A straw or Culm, is the peculiar Stem 



* Ncottia acaulis, Exot. Bot. t. 105, proves to have a stem, when in 

 perfection, and is now properly called N. pida by Dr. Sims in Curt. 

 Mair. t. 1562. 



