ORIGIN OF THE CALYX. 193 



Philosophia Botanica into 12 chapters and ^65 

 sections, and reckoned seven parts of fructification 

 as well as seven species of calyx. 



7. Volva.f. 153. Wrapper, or covering of the Fungus 

 tribe, of a membranous texture, concealing their 

 parts of fructification, and in due time bursting all 

 round, forming a ring upon the stalk, as in Agaricus 

 procerus^ Soiverb. Fung. t. ]90, and A. campestrisy 

 the Common Mushroom, t, 305 ; such at least is 

 the original meaning of this term, as explained in 

 the Phil. Bot. ; but it has become more generally 

 used, even by Linnaeus himself, for the more fleshy 

 external covering of some other Fungi, which is 

 scarcely raised out of the ground, and enfolds the 

 whole plant when young, y! 154. See Agaricus 

 volvaceuSy Soxverb. t. 1, and Lycoperdonfornicatum, 

 t. 198 ; also the very curious Z. phalloides, t. 390, 

 now made a distinct genus by the learned Persoon, 

 under the name of Batarrea phalloides. 



Linnaeus adopted from Cassalpinus the opinion that 

 the Calyx proceeded from the bark, like the leaves, 

 because of its similarity in colour and texture to those 

 organs. He even refined upon the original idea, and 

 supposed this part to proceed from the outer bark, 

 while the more delicate corolla originated in the liber. 

 What is now known of the physiology of the bark, as 

 explained in several of our preceding chapters, ren- 

 ders this hypothesis totally inadmissible. 



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