OUTLINES OF BOTANY. XXvii 
146. The number of the stamens is adjectively expressed by Greek nu¬ 
merals, or the proper adjectives, prefixed to androus ; as monandrouSj with 
a single stamen ; diandrous, with 2 ; triandrous , with 3 ; tetrandrous, with 
4; pentandrous, with 5 ; hexandrous, with 6 ; keptandrovs , with 7 ; octan- 
drous, with 8 ; euneandrous, with 9 ; decandrous , with 10 ; dodecandrous , 
with 12 ; and po/yandrous, when more numerous or indefinite. 
147. The stamens, like the leaves of the flower (134), may unite or grow 
together; either by their anthers ( syngenesious, as in Composite, p. 184, 
and Lobelia, p. 253), or by their filaments. If the filaments unite into one 
mass, tube, or ring, the stamens are monadelphous (in one brotherhood), as 
in the Mallow Family ; if into two, diadelphous, as in most of the Pulse 
Family (p. 90) j if in three, triade/phous , &c. j if in several, polyadelphous. 
When uncombined they are distinct. 
148. The Pistils, or seed-bearing organs (collectively termed the 
GynjEcium), to whose protection and perfection all the other parts of the 
blossom are in some way subservient, are placed within or above the sta¬ 
mens, and therefore occupy the centre or summit of the flower. When 
there is only one, it seems to terminate the axis or receptacle (127). 
149. A pistil is distinguished into three parts, viz. the hollow portion 
below, which becomes the pod or fruit, and is named the Ovary (or by 
Linnaeus the Germen) ; a prolongation usually from the apex of the ovary, 
of various form, oftener thread-shaped or columnar, called the Style ; and 
the termination or some other part of the style denuded of its epidermis, 
either knob-shaped or otherwise, termed the Stigma. The style is often 
absent, when the stigma is sessile (142) on the apex of the ovary. These 
two parts are essential to the pistil j the stigma to receive the pollen by 
which the Ovules, or rudiments of seeds inclosed within the ovary, are 
fertilized. J 
150. The only exception to this statement is furnished by the Gymno- 
■ww-ou. (°r Naked-seeded) Plants, such as the Pine Family (p.438), 
which produce flowers of the greatest possible simplicity, the pistil con¬ 
sisting of an open scale, ovuliferous (bearing ovules) on some part of its 
upper surface, upon which the pollen acts directly, without the interven¬ 
tion of a stigma; and the seeds consequently are not contained in a pod. 
151. The number of the pistils is adjectively expressed by Greek numer¬ 
als &c., prefixed to gynous, e. g. 1, monogynous, 2, digynous, 3, trigynotis, 
and so on to polygynous, when they are numerous or indefinite, as" in the 
corresponding case in stamens (146). 
/ pi ® til ** frequently truly single or solitary, as in the Baneberry 
(p. lo), Pulse Family, &c. j but often what appears to be a single pistil 
consists in fact of two, three, or more, with all tneir parts united, as in the 
Lily and Tulip, where the compound pistil they bear consists of three sim¬ 
ple pistils confluent into one. 
153. The pistils, although often distinct or separate (as in Larkspur, p. 13), 
are more frequently united than any of the other parts of the flower. The 
union occurs in every degree, from the connection merely of their bases, as 
in many Saxifrages (p. 148), to the complete coalescence of the ovaries 
while the styles are distinct (as in Aralia, p. 166). to the partial union 
of these, or to their complete union, with that of the stigmas also 
as in the Lily, the Dogwood (p. 167), Honeysuckle (p. 171), &c. The num¬ 
ber of the cells, or cavities, in such ovaries indicates the composition ; the 
ovary of a simple pistil being normally l-celled. 
J 54 - Not only do homogeneous parts of the flower unite (134, 147, 
153), but adjacent sets of organs are liable to grow together in a greater or 
less degree. When parts of a different nature are not united, they are said 
to oefree. When the sepals, petals, and stamens are all free from the pis¬ 
tils and from each other, but exhibit their real origin or insertion (127) 
